Framingham Risk Score and the Risk of Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia

Viticchi, Giovanna; Falsetti, Lorenzo; Buratti, Laura; Sajeva, Giulia; Luzzi, Simona; Bartolini, Marco; Provinciali, Leandro; Silvestrini, Mauro

doi:10.3233/jad-170160

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Such associations are also apparent in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). APOE-ε4 carriers are 3.0-3.7 times more likely to develop MCI compared to all other groups (Viticchi et al, 2017) and APOE-ε4 MCI are more likely to convert to a more severe state of MCI (mMCI) or AD (Scarabino et al, 2016). APOE-ε4 has been associated with hippocampal, amygdala and medial-temporal lobe atrophy (Lupton et al, 2016;Manning et al, 2014), which underlies the greater development and conversion rates in this genotype subgroup.…”

Section: Contribution Of Apoe Genotype To Ad Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of APOE genotype on Alzheimer's disease risk is influenced by sex and docosahexaenoic acid status

Pontifex

Vauzour

Minihane

2018

Neurobiology of Aging

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An apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE-ε4) genotype is the strongest common genetic determinant of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pleiotropic nature of apolipoprotein E has made elucidation of the aetiological basis difficult to establish, which is further complicated by the fact that the penetrance of the APOE-ε4 allele is modulated by sex, age, and nutrition. A greater metabolic consequence of the APOE-ε4 allele is likely to contribute to the fact that two-thirds of AD patients are female. A higher tissue status of the marine n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with a lower AD risk. However, APOE-ε4 carriers appear less sensitive to the neurocognitive benefits, which may be due to defective blood-brain barrier transport of DHA exacerbated by aging and possibly sex. This suggests higher DHA requirements in this large population subgroup. This narrative review will consider the influence of sex and DHA in modulating APOE-ε4-mediated AD risk.

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Section: Contribution Of Apoe Genotype To Ad Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of APOE genotype on Alzheimer's disease risk is influenced by sex and docosahexaenoic acid status

Pontifex

Vauzour

Minihane

2018

Neurobiology of Aging

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“…Population studies have provided good evidence that a high cardiovascular risk profile reliably predicts progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD (Viticchi et al, 2015 , 2017 ). Indeed, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID, or vascular dementia), occurs in as much as 40% of AD patients (Zekry et al, 2002 ), which may not be routinely taken into account in clinical trial design.…”

Section: Immunotherapy Beyond Amyloidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Engineering for Optimized Immunotherapy in Alzheimer's Disease

et al. 2018

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There are nearly 50 million people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide and currently no disease modifying treatment is available. AD is characterized by deposits of Amyloid-β (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation, and several drug discovery programmes studies have focussed on Aβ as therapeutic target. Active immunization and passive immunization against Aβ leads to the clearance of deposits in humans and transgenic mice expressing human Aβ but have failed to improve memory loss. This review will discuss the possible explanations for the lack of efficacy of Aβ immunotherapy, including the role of a pro-inflammatory response and subsequent vascular side effects, the binding site of therapeutic antibodies and the timing of the treatment. We further discuss how antibodies can be engineered for improved efficacy.

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“…More generally, cardiovascular risk factors are known to have an important role in the complex pathophysiology of AD and may be an important target for intervention . For example, the Framingham cardiovascular risk factors (age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cigarette smoking) are associated with progression from MCI to AD, and progression of AD . The cardiovascular risk factors are also associated with WMH .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Amyloid PET Tracer Delivery is Related to White Matter Integrity in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Brown

Rashidi‐Ranjbar

Caravaggio

et al. 2019

Journal of Neuroimaging

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Amyloid deposition, tau neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebrovascular dysfunction are important pathophysiologic features in Alzheimer's disease. Pittsburgh compound B ([ 11 C]-PIB) is a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer used to quantify amyloid deposition in vivo. In addition, certain models of [ 11 C]-PIB delivery reflect cerebral blood flow rather than amyloid plaques. As cerebral blood flow and perfusion deficits are associated with white matter pathology, we hypothesized that [ 11 C]-PIB delivery in white matter regions may reflect white matter integrity. METHODS: We obtained [ 11 C]-PIB-PET scans and quantified white matter hyperintensities and global fractional anisotropy on magnetic resonance images as biomarkers of white matter pathology in 34 older participants with mild cognitive impairment with or without a history of major depressive disorder. We analyzed the [ 11 C]-PIB time-activity curve data with models associated with cerebral blood flow: the early maximum standard uptake value and the relative delivery parameter R1. We used a global white matter region of interest. RESULTS:Both of the partial-volume corrected PET parameters were correlated with white matter hyperintensities and fractional anisotropy. CONCLUSION:Future studies are warranted to explore whether [ 11 C]-PIB PET is a "triple biomarker" that may provide information about amyloid deposition, cerebral blood flow, and white matter pathology.

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Framingham Risk Score and the Risk of Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia

Cited by 37 publications

References 46 publications

The effect of APOE genotype on Alzheimer's disease risk is influenced by sex and docosahexaenoic acid status

The effect of APOE genotype on Alzheimer's disease risk is influenced by sex and docosahexaenoic acid status

Antibody Engineering for Optimized Immunotherapy in Alzheimer's Disease

Brain Amyloid PET Tracer Delivery is Related to White Matter Integrity in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

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