Franchising Research Frontiers for the Twenty-First Century

Dant, Rajiv P.; Grünhagen, Marko; Windsperger, Josef

doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2011.08.002

Cited by 163 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As such, we also contribute to a considerable stream of literature aimed at describing and explaining franchising as an entrepreneurial phenomenon Ketchen et al 2011). Franchise systems are important since in many countries, they account for a major share of business; for example, they account for about 40, 52 and 32% of retailing sales in respectively the USA, Australia and Germany (Dant et al 2011). Franchise systems are unique because franchisees are semi-autonomous entrepreneurs who operate their businesses in a specific geographical location under a standardized business format with a uniform strategic positioning towards customers (Kaufmann and Eroglu 1998).…”

Section: Franchisee Networking and Entrepreneurial Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial networking: a blessing or a curse? Differential effects for low, medium and high performing franchisees

2017

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Recent studies have called for a better understanding of the link between networking and entrepreneurial performance. We provide such understanding in three ways: by focusing on a specific entrepreneurial context (franchise systems), by developing a multifaceted theoretical framework and by highlighting a contingency that may affect the networkingperformance link. We combine knowledge and learning perspectives with a networking perspective to develop and test a multi-faceted framework on the effects of franchisee networking with peers within a franchise system ('peer networking') on franchisee unit performance. In particular, we argue that the performance benefits that franchisees draw from networking with their peers vary between low, medium and high performing franchisees. We use ordinary least squares (OLS) and Quantile Regression analyses to test our hypotheses with empirical data from a Dutch franchise system. Our results confirm that structural, resource and relational facets of franchisee peer networking affect unit performance, and that they benefit and harm low, medium, and high performing franchisees differently.

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Section: Franchisee Networking and Entrepreneurial Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial networking: a blessing or a curse? Differential effects for low, medium and high performing franchisees

2017

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“…Franchising is a rich field for studies not only in the Marketing arena, but also in another relevant areas such as economics, law, management, finance and entrepreneurship (Grewal, Iyer, Javalgi, & Radulovich, 2011), thanks to its varied possibilities of governance formats and studies about inter-organizational behaviors (Dant, Grünhagen, & Windsperger, 2011). This plethora of perspectives has been inspired academic research in several areas -franchising as a vehicle for entering business ownership (entrepreneurship), as distribution channel (marketing), as a leading venue for understanding the structure of contracts (economics), as an important organizational form (strategic management) (J. G. Combs, Michael, & Castrogiovanni, 2004) -mainly focusing in such facets as contractual arrangements, pricing strategies, franchised chain advertising, ownership patterns, territorial encroachment implications and internationalization (Chabowski, Hult, & Mena, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These issues are investigated on the lenses of many perspectives, but five of them are the most prevalent (Dant et al, 2011) -resource acquisition theory (Oxenfeldt & Kelly, 1969), agency theory (Fama & Jensen, 1983a, 1983b, transaction cost analysis (WILLIAMSON, 1985), signaling Theory (Gallini & Lutz, 1992;Gallini & Wright, 1990) and property rights theory (Demsetz, 1966;Hart & Moore, 1990;Maness, 1996) -although scholars have been using many other theoretical perspective approaches as well -stakeholder theory (D. Altinay & Miles, 2006), tournament theory (James G. Combs, Ketchen Jr, & Short, 2011;Gillis, McEwan, Crook, & Michael, 2011) , institutional theory (D. Altinay & Miles, 2006), RBV (Barthélemy, 2008;Fladmoe-Lindquist, 1996), upper echelons theory (J. G. , learning theory (J. G. Combs, Ketchen, Shook, & Short, 2010); plural theory (Dant & Kaufmann, 2003), risk-sharing theory (Hsu, Jang, & Canter, 2010), social exchange theory (James G. Combs et al, 2011), resource dependence theory (Dant & Gundlach, 1999), among other perspectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution in franchising: Trends and new perspectives

Varotto

Aureliano-Silva

2017

Internext

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The Singer Company established a network of resellers for sewing machines. Nowadays franchising is one of the fastest developing forms of business in the world. The evolution of theories that seek to explain franchise systems have been published in academic journals from time to time, but until now there was not a study that have established a social network analysis to quantify the degree of centrality and cohesion of the relationship between the main authors, journals, methods and theories in franchise. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to extend the knowledge about franchising through an extensive research on its main theoretical perspectives into relevant international academic journals, showing the evolution of the field, highlighting the principal issues, authors and methods. Through a selection of 130 articles ranging from 1966 to 2015 the study investigates five relevant theories in franchising: (1) Resource Acquisition Theory, (2) Agency Theory, (3) Transaction Cost Analysis, (4) Signaling Theory, and (5) Property Rights Theory. A descriptive statistical analysis was done in order to identify the main authors and trends with the most used associated theories in franchise papers. The findings show agency theory and signaling theory, and resource scarcity theory as the main perspectives used in studies about franchising, but other perspectives have been increasing its presence, mainly the institutional theory and resource based-view perspective. The main dependent and independent variables cover a wide range of constructs, but ownership, performance, age, size, growth, geographical dispersion, and internationalization have been the most cited.

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“…So far, limited research has been conducted around the determinants of a successful knowledge transfer in cross-border franchising arrangements (Dant et al, 2011;Gorovaia and Windsperger, 2013;Merchant and Gaur, 2008;Paswan and Wittmann, 2009). Above all, less attention has been paid to both the franchisor-related and franchisee-related factors that affect knowledge transfer in cross-border franchise networks, where the asymmetry of the information between a franchisor and a franchisee is pervasive, especially in developing and emerging economies (Doherty, 2009;Gorovaia and Windsperger, 2013;Paswan and Wittmann, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of a successful cross-border knowledge transfer in franchise networks

Khan¹

2016

JABS

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Previous research on service MNCs has mainly focused on the entry mode decisions in foreign markets. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of a successful cross-border knowledge transfer in franchise networks in Pakistan. The results of our qualitative inquiry suggest that both explicit and tacit knowledge are transferred in crossborder franchise networks. Specifically, the transfer of tacit knowledge from a franchisor to a franchisee is facilitated through a variety of transfer mechanisms, that is through both hard (e.g., documents) and soft mechanisms (e.g., visits from franchisor agents). The prior experience of the franchisee and the regional and local franchisors' agents,-especially in their role as knowledge transfer intermediaries, facilitates the acquisition and assimilation of knowledge. The franchisor's agent develops a relational infrastructure between the franchisor and their franchisees, thus enhancing trust and knowledge acquisition/assimilation from a franchisor to their franchisees. The ability and commitment of the franchisor to engage in the knowledge transfer helps the franchisee to acquire knowledge related to sales training, marketing development and promotion tools, quality control, and operating manuals.

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Franchising Research Frontiers for the Twenty-First Century

Cited by 163 publications

References 29 publications

Entrepreneurial networking: a blessing or a curse? Differential effects for low, medium and high performing franchisees

Entrepreneurial networking: a blessing or a curse? Differential effects for low, medium and high performing franchisees

Evolution in franchising: Trends and new perspectives

Determinants of a successful cross-border knowledge transfer in franchise networks

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