1986
DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1986.tb03485.x
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Frank's “common elements” in psychotherapy: Nonspecific factors and placebos.

Abstract: Implications of Jerome Frank's seminal hypotheses are further considered, specifically that all psychological treatments share common elements that account for the effective treatment of a core problem shared by all patients--demoralization. The stages of psychotherapy and the potential role of suggestion, nonspecific elements, and placebo are highlighted.

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Cited by 55 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Specificity (i.e., attributing outcome to specific ingredients) is one of the hallmarks of the medical model. On the other side are the advocates of models that stipulate that the common factors, such as the healing context, the working alliance, and belief in the rationale for treatment and in the treatment itself, are the important therapeutic aspects of counseling and psychotherapy (see, e.g., Frank & Frank, 1991;Garfield, 1992;Luborsky, Singer, & Luborsky, 1975;Parloff, 1986;Rosenzweig, 1936;Strupp, 1986;Wampold, 1997Wampold, , 2000Wampold, , 2001Wampold et al, 1997). From a scientific perspective, the specific ingredient versus common factor polemic should be settled empirically rather than rhetorically.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Specificity (i.e., attributing outcome to specific ingredients) is one of the hallmarks of the medical model. On the other side are the advocates of models that stipulate that the common factors, such as the healing context, the working alliance, and belief in the rationale for treatment and in the treatment itself, are the important therapeutic aspects of counseling and psychotherapy (see, e.g., Frank & Frank, 1991;Garfield, 1992;Luborsky, Singer, & Luborsky, 1975;Parloff, 1986;Rosenzweig, 1936;Strupp, 1986;Wampold, 1997Wampold, , 2000Wampold, , 2001Wampold et al, 1997). From a scientific perspective, the specific ingredient versus common factor polemic should be settled empirically rather than rhetorically.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nonetheless, I hope most clinicians, and others interested in psychotherapy, can recognize these features of the venture that I have described: rapport, assessment, rationale, contract, procedure, review, generalization, and termination. Parloff (1986) considered a similar list for different purposes.…”
Section: Functional Elements In Psychotherapymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During the third week, he regained his speech and memory, with continued supportive care. His primary therapist conducted individual psychotherapy sessions, emphasizing non-specific and supportive elements[3]. He was encouraged to attend occupational therapy sessions daily.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%