Frankincense and myrrh resources of Ethiopia: II. Medicinal and industrial uses

Lemenih, Mulugeta; Teketay, Demel

doi:10.4314/sinet.v26i2.18213

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…However, a wide variety of therapeutic uses have also been attributed to frankincense, including the treatment of skin diseases, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, to aid in wound healing, as well as for digestive and gastrointestinal disorders. 5 Many of these conditions are related to bacterial infections and several studies have reported the growth inhibitory properties of frankincense against panels of pathogens. One study screened B. serrata extracts for the ability to inhibit the growth of an extended panel of microbial pathogens associated with skin infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-MS Analysis of Frankincense Extracts which Inhibit the Growth of Bacterial Triggers of Selected Autoimmune Diseases

Biggs¹,

Sirdaarta²,

White³

et al. 2016

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Introduction: Frankincense has been used traditionally for the inhibition of microbial growth and for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Despite this, frankincense extracts are yet to be tested for the ability to inhibit the growth of the bacterial triggers of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Methods: Solvent extracts prepared from commercially obtained frankincense were analysed for the ability to inhibit the growth of bacterial species associated with initiating rheumatoid arthritis (P. mirabilis), ankylosing spondylitis (K. pneumoniae) and multiple sclerosis (A. baylyi, P. aeruginosa) by disc diffusion assay, and quantified by MIC determination. Toxicity was determined by Artemia franciscana bioassay.The most potent inhibitory extracts were investigated using non-targeted GC-MS head space analysis (with screening against a compound database) for the identification and characterisation of individual components in the crude plant extracts. Results: Methanolic and aqueous frankincense extracts inhibited the growth of all bacterial species. The growth inhibition of these extracts was particularly notable against P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae, with MIC values generally ≤ 1000 µg/mL for both reference and clinical bacterial strains. Indeed, the MIC values of the methanolic extract against P. mirabilis, and for the aqueous extract against K. pneumonia, were as low as 59.6 and 75.2 µg/mL respectively. The methanolic and aqueous extracts also inhibited the growth of A. baylyi and P. aeruginosa. However, with the exception of the growth inhibition of A. baylyi by the aqueous extract (MIC=4313 µg/mL: moderate inhibitory activity), the MICs against these bacteria was indicative of only low inhibitory activity. The ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane extracts also inhibited the growth of all bacterial species, albeit with low efficacy (MIC values generally >5000 µg/mL against all bacterial species). All frankincense extracts were non-toxic in the Artemia franciscana bioassay, with LC 50 values substantially above 1000 µg/mL. Non-biased GC-MS headspace analysis of the methanolic and aqueous extracts putatively identified a high diversity of monoterpenoids and sesquiteriterpenoids. Conclusion: The lack of toxicity and the inhibitory activity of the methanolic and aqueous frankincense extracts against microbial triggers of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis indicates their potential in the treatment and prevention of these diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-MS Analysis of Frankincense Extracts which Inhibit the Growth of Bacterial Triggers of Selected Autoimmune Diseases

Biggs¹,

Sirdaarta²,

White³

et al. 2016

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“…Today, at least five tree species belonging to the Boswellia genus and the family Burseraceae are exploited for their oleo-gumresin, called frankincense or olibanum (Tucker 1986;Chikamai 2002). In the Horn of Africa, frankincense has numerous traditional, ceremonial and medicinal uses and is an important commodity on the international market (Coppen 1995a,b;Chikamai 2002;Lemenih & Teketay 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of tapping for frankincense on sexual reproduction in Boswellia papyrifera

Rijkers

Ogbazghi

Wessel

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. In the Horn of Africa, frankincense (an aromatic hardened wood resin) is obtained by tapping Boswellia papyrifera . World-wide, frankincense is of great economic and social importance as an important element of incense and perfumes. The production is declining as a result of poor natural regeneration of the Boswellia woodlands, possibly as a result of the low production of viable seeds. We hypothesize that this is because of the current intensive tapping regime, which might favour allocation of carbohydrates for synthesis of resin at the expense of allocation for generative growth. 2. Investigations were carried out at sites in different agro-ecological zones with annually tapped trees and with trees that had not been tapped for several years. Seed viability and germination success were determined for 200 randomly collected seeds in each site. For three stands, the sexual reproduction (number of flowers, fruits and seeds) was determined for different sized trees subjected to three experimental tapping intensities (no, normal and heavy tapping). 3. At the stand level, non-tapped trees produced three times as many healthy and filled seeds as tapped trees. Germination success was highest in stands with non-tapped trees (> 80%) and lowest for those with tapped trees (< 16%). 4. At the tree level, sexual reproduction decreased with increasing tapping regime irrespective of tree size. Overall, large trees tended to produce slightly heavier seeds than small trees, and seeds from non-tapped trees were heavier than those from tapped trees. In the stands where tapping was prohibited changes in tapping regimes had the greatest effect on sexual reproduction. Trees subjected to annual tapping always showed the lowest sexual reproduction. 5. Synthesis and applications. Tapping for frankincense results in limited flower and fruit production, and low production of mainly non-viable seeds in B. papyrifera . We argue that tapping causes competition for carbohydrates between frankincense production, and fruit and seed setting. Consequently, the current tapping regimes will cause tree exhaustion and eventually a decline in vitality. Tapping may potentially reduce natural regeneration of the species. New tapping regimes are suggested that include periods of time in which tapping is prohibited in order for trees to recover and replenish their stored carbon pool, and a reduction in the number of tapping points per tree. This is important in view of the long-term sustainability of frankincense production, an internationally highly valued resource.

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“…(6). Furanosesquiterpenes, the active compounds in C. myrrh essential oil, possessed a significant antiseptic property, also be the characteristic components of pharmaceutical myrrh [26] [36]. All standard bacteria showed resistant to methanolic and aqueous extracts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Properties of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Some Plants against Some Enterobacteriaceae Species

Hamed¹,

EL-Kamali²

2016

OALib

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The extracts of six medicinal plants namely Terminalia chebula fruits, Commiphora myrrha gum, Solenostemma argel leaves, Rutagraveolens aerial parts, Cistanche phelypaea aerial parts and Striga hermonthica stem used in traditional Sudanese medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract infections were selected to evaluate their potential antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of these plants were determined by agar diffusion technique in vitro against 20 clinical isolates (2 were Salmonella typhi, 5 Proteus mirabilis, 4 Escherichia coli, 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 3 Staphylococcus aureus, one was Salmonella paratyphi B) and 5 standard bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8236), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella typhi (ATCC1319106) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 35657) at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Of all plants methanolic and aqueous extracts of T. chebula fruits were the most active with clinical isolates and standard bacterial strains showed relatively high antibacterial activity against most of the tested microorganisms with the diameter of inhibition zones ranging between 20 and 24 mm, whereas the methanolic extract of Commiphora myrrha showed high antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli clinical isolate (1Z = 20 mm). Solenostemma argel leaves was found moderately effective against S. aureus (ATCC 25923 ((1Z = 18 mm) but did not show any activity against all tested clinical isolates bacteria. Most susceptible Gram-negative clinical Isolates bacteria were Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Most susceptible Gram negative standard bacteria were Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8236) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and least susceptible Gram negative bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC35657). In Gram positive standard bacteria, most susceptible was S. aureus (ATCC 25923). Antibiotics was used as standards drug for antibacterial assay. The present study reveals potential use of these plants for developing new antibacterial compounds against gastrointestinal tract pathogenic microorganisms.

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Frankincense and myrrh resources of Ethiopia: II. Medicinal and industrial uses

Cited by 41 publications

References 42 publications

GC-MS Analysis of Frankincense Extracts which Inhibit the Growth of Bacterial Triggers of Selected Autoimmune Diseases

GC-MS Analysis of Frankincense Extracts which Inhibit the Growth of Bacterial Triggers of Selected Autoimmune Diseases

The effect of tapping for frankincense on sexual reproduction in Boswellia papyrifera

Antibacterial Properties of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Some Plants against Some Enterobacteriaceae Species

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