Franz-Keldysh Effect of the Refractive Index in Semiconductors

Seraphin, B. O.; Bottka, N.

doi:10.1103/physrev.139.a560

Cited by 181 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The Franz-Keldysh effect leads to oscillations in the carrier transition probability for energies that are greater than the band gap and tunneling of the electron state into the forbidden band due to band-bending below the band gap in the presence of an applied electric field. The absorption coefficient is given by [28] α(ω, E) = Cθ…”

Section: ) Incomplete Ionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Sources of Nonlinearity in a Simple p-i-n Photodetector

Marks

Menyuk

et al. 2014

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Nonlinearity in p-i-n photodetectors leads to power generation at harmonics of the input frequency, limiting the performance of RF-photonic systems. We use one-dimensional and two-dimensional simulations of the drift-diffusion equations to determine the physical origin of the saturation in a simple heterojunction p-i-n photodetector at room temperature. Incomplete ionization, external loading, impact ionization, and the Franz-Keldysh effect are all included in the model. Impact ionization is the main source of nonlinearity at large reverse bias (>10 V in the device that we simulated). The electron and hole current contributions to the second harmonic power were calculated. We find that impact ionization has a greater effect on the electrons than it does on the holes. We also find that the hole velocity saturates slowly with increasing reverse bias, and the hole current makes a large contribution to the harmonic power at 10 V. This result implies that decreasing the hole injection will decrease the harmonic power.Index Terms-2D simulation, impact ionization, nonlinearity, p-i-n photodetector.

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Section: ) Incomplete Ionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Sources of Nonlinearity in a Simple p-i-n Photodetector

Marks

Menyuk

et al. 2014

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…The effect of an external electromagnetic field on nonrelativistic charged particles systems (like atoms, ions and atomic nucleuses) has being investigated systematically for a long time (see, for example, [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] ). Though this problem has a long history, a set of questions as before requires additional studying.…”

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalar and spinor particles with low binding energy in a strong stationary magnetic field in two and three dimensions

Rodionov

2007

Phys. Rev. A

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On the basis of analytic solutions of Schrodinger and Pauli equations for a uniform magnetic field and a single attractive δ(r)-potential the equations for the bound oneactive electron states are discussed. It is vary important that ground electron states in the magnetic field essentially different from the analog state of spin-0 particles that binding energy has been intensively studied at more then forty years ago. We show that binding energy equations for spin-1/2 particles can be obtained without using of a well-known language of boundary conditions in the model of δ-potential that has been developed in pioneering works. Obtained equations are used for the analytically calculation of the energy level displacements, which demonstrate nonlinear dependencies on field intensities. It is shown that in a case of the weak intensity a magnetic field indeed plays a stabilizing role in considering systems. However the strong magnetic field shows the opposite action. We are expected that these properties can be of importance for real quantum mechanical fermionic systems in twoand three-dimensional cases. * Electronic address: vnrodionov@mtu-net.ru

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“…change in optical absorption with the presence of electric fields in the vertical direction, [7][8]15 but most of these works are in the infrared or even lower energy ranges, the tuning efficiency is often small (no more than few percent), or the structure is too bulky for integration with CMOS circuits.…”

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confidence: 99%

Giant Gating Tunability of Optical Refractive Index in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers

Yu¹,

Yu²,

Huang³

et al. 2017

Nano Lett.

100

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We report that the refractive index of transition metal dichacolgenide (TMDC) monolayers, such as MoS2, WS2, and WSe2, can be substantially tuned by > 60% in the imaginary part and > 20% in the real part around exciton resonances using CMOS-compatible electrical gating. This giant tunablility is rooted in the dominance of excitonic effects in the refractive index of the monolayers and the strong susceptibility of the excitons to the influence of injected charge carriers. The tunability mainly results from the effects of injected charge carriers to broaden the spectral width of excitonic interband transitions and to facilitate the interconversion of neutral and charged excitons. The other effects of the injected charge carriers, such as renormalizing bandgap and changing exciton binding energy, only play negligible roles. We also demonstrate that the atomically thin monolayers, when combined with photonic structures, can enable the efficiencies of optical absorption (reflection) tuned from 40% (60%) to 80% (20%) due to the giant tunability of refractive index. This work may pave the way towards the development of field-effect photonics in which the optical functionality can be controlled with CMOS circuits.

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Franz-Keldysh Effect of the Refractive Index in Semiconductors

Cited by 181 publications

References 12 publications

Modeling Sources of Nonlinearity in a Simple p-i-n Photodetector

Modeling Sources of Nonlinearity in a Simple p-i-n Photodetector

Scalar and spinor particles with low binding energy in a strong stationary magnetic field in two and three dimensions

Giant Gating Tunability of Optical Refractive Index in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers

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