“…The Late Devonian biocrises, the Kellwasser and Hangenberg events, primarily effected shallow marine ecosystems [57,58]. In the Late Devonian of Siberia, Kellwasser and Hangenberg facies are observed through the deposition of black mudstone and black limestones, and black shales, respectively [14,16,18,59]. Associated with these layers in various locations (and combinations) are bituminous deposits, effusive tuff, black siltstones, shales and mudstone [46].…”