Freak waves caused by reflection

Andrade, David; Stuhlmeier, Raphael; Stiassnie, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2021.104004

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These three frameworks are complementary, because they rely on different physical approaches, respectively: Fluid dynamics analysis of wave harmonics, the statistical mechanics of water waves, and the lifting of long-held implicit assumptions regarding the homogeneity of ocean waves. Nonetheless, the generality of the third framework may have the advantage of being applicable to any out-of-equilibrium water wave problem besides nonuniform bathymetry, such as opposing currents [30] or reflection [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturation of rogue wave amplification over steep shoals

Mendes

Kasparian

2022

Phys. Rev. E

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Shoaling surface gravity waves induce rogue wave formation. Though commonly reduced to water waves passing over a step, nonequilibrium physics allows finite slopes to be considered in this problem. Using nonhomogeneous spectral analysis of a spatially varying energy density ratio, we describe the dependence of the amplification as a function of the slope steepness. Increasing the slope increases the amplification of rogue wave probability until this amplification saturates at steep slopes. In contrast, the increase of the down slope of a subsequent de-shoal zone leads to a monotonic decrease in the rogue wave probability, thus featuring a strong asymmetry between shoaling and de-shoaling zones. Due to the saturation of the rogue wave amplification at steep slopes, our model is applicable beyond its range of validity up to a step, thus elucidating why previous models based on a step could describe the physics of steep finite slopes. We also explain why the rogue wave probability increases over a shoal while it is lower in shallower water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturation of rogue wave amplification over steep shoals

Mendes

Kasparian

2022

Phys. Rev. E

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“…Wave focusing: Wave energy may be concentrated in a small area because of wave trapping, refraction, and re ection, such as wave-current interaction; wind force; bottom topography in uence, etc. [11][12][13]. e modulation instability, also known as Benjamin-Feir instability [14], has been accepted by many researchers to explain the occurrence of freak waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Numerical Simulation and Electromagnetic Scattering of Time-Invariant Freak Waves

Han

Liu

2022

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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The occurrence probability of freak waves is related to the sea wave spectrum. In this paper, different wave spectrums are used to simulate time-invariant three-dimensional freak waves. Freak waves that meet the international standards are generated at fixed time and location by adjusting the energy of the wavelets. We studied the occurrence probability of freak waves under the conditions of different wave spectrums, different wind speeds, and different modulation ratios and optimized the calculation speed of the model. Simulation data show that the difference in the shape of the wave spectrum affects the probability of freak waves occurrence. The model conforms to the Benjamin–Feir index (BFI), and the ratio of wave steepness to spectrum bandwidth is the key. In this paper, the Kirchhoff approximation theory is used to study the electromagnetic scattering (EM scattering) properties of freak waves on the large scale. We ideally calculate the Normalized Radar Cross-Section (NRCS) from the sea surface with freak waves, under different wind speeds and different grazing angles. The NRCS of freak waves is extremely low, and the increase of wind speed and the decrease of the grazing angle will make the detection of freak waves more difficult. The possibility of detection of freak waves is higher at high grazing angles (low incidence angles). The numerical simulations provide reference for engineering.

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Instability of waves in deep water — A discrete Hamiltonian approach

Andrade

Stuhlmeier

2023

European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids

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Freak waves caused by reflection

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Saturation of rogue wave amplification over steep shoals

Saturation of rogue wave amplification over steep shoals

Study on Numerical Simulation and Electromagnetic Scattering of Time-Invariant Freak Waves

Instability of waves in deep water — A discrete Hamiltonian approach

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