Free-access optomechanical liquid probes using a twin-microbottle resonator

Abstract

Cavity optomechanics provides high-performance sensor technology, and the scheme is also applicable to liquid samples for biological and rheological applications. However, previously reported methods using fluidic capillary channels and liquid droplets are based on fixed-by-design structures and therefore do not allow an active free access to the samples. Here, we demonstrate an alternate technique using a probe-based architecture with a twin-microbottle resonator. The probe consists of two microbottle optomechanical resonators, where one bottle (for detection) is immersed in liquid and the other bottle (for readout) is placed in air, which retains excellent detection performance through the high optical Q (~10 7 ) of the readout bottle. The scheme allows the detection of thermomechanical motion of the detection bottle as well as optomechanical drive and frequency tracking with a phase-locked loop. This technique could lead to in situ metrology at the target location in arbitrary media and could be extended to ultrasensitive biochips and rheometers.

From Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators to Biochemical Sensors

“…This also demonstrates the need for diversified profiles and the combination of knowledge from different fields, as highlighted in this review. The trends of future works are therefore clearly oriented toward the needs for integrated imaging, multiplexing, and the study of new physical and biochemical phenomena. , It is important now to consolidate the experimental results obtained in research in order to solidify their use on a larger scale.…”

“…The trends of future works are therefore clearly oriented toward the needs for integrated imaging, multiplexing, and the study of new physical and biochemical phenomena. 231,232 It is important now to consolidate the experimental results obtained in research in order to solidify their use on a larger scale.…”

Level Attraction due to Dissipative Phonon–Phonon Coupling in an Opto-Mechano-Fluidic Resonator

“…Particularly, quantum transducers in cavity optomechanical systems represent an ultrasensitive method with an ultralow noise for detecting weak vectorial force fields, parametric displacement, and biological analytes, − such as viruses, bacteria, and living cells. However, when the microcavities are immersed in the liquid environments that are required for biological sensing, the mechanical resonances are severely damped. , Recently, pioneer works reported an optofluidic microcavity that bridges two worlds of fluidics and optomechanics. ,− The mechanical modes can be actuated by coupling light to the outer silica layer, ,, and the optically exciting mechanical modes with frequencies ranging from megahertz to gigahertz can be realized, which also brings the advantages of both precise tunability and integration. Until now, the coupling and level attraction between the mechanical modes in such systems has not been explored yet.…”

Cavity optomechanical mass sensor in water with sub-femtogram resolution

“…In contrast, a probe-type cavity optomechanical sensor in liquid has recently been demonstrated by utilizing a twinmicrobottle resonator (TMBR) made of glass. 15) The TMBR has a unique structure, in which the mechanical resonances of the two microbottles are coupled with each other but their optical resonances are decoupled and isolated [Fig. 1(a)].…”