Free amino acid levels in oral fluids of normal subjects and patients with periodontal disease

Syrjänen, Stina; Alakuijala, L.; Alakuijala, P.; Markkanen, Seppo; Markkanen, Helena

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(90)90054-e

Cited by 52 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The total free l-and d-amino acid levels in saliva are similar to those reported previously (Battistone and Burnett, 1961;Syrjänen et al, 1990). The d-alanine level in the rat anterior pituitary gland showed a day -night change (Morikawa et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The presence of high concentrations of free d-amino acids in human saliva

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The presence of high concentrations of free d-amino acids in human saliva

et al. 2006

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“…Previous data have demonstrated a critical role for NOS I in inflammatory bone resorption and osteoclast function in vitro and in vivo (19). Syrjänsen et al (20) analyzed several free aa in GCF and observed that only glutamate was significantly elevated in periodontal patients, while in the present study glutamate was significantly decrease in chronic periodontitis patients. These different results may be explained by a number of reasons: a) sample collection: Peritron papers into the gingival crevice vs. microdialysis probe into the sulci; b) number of patients: 5 vs. 14; c) technical analysis: automatic analyzer (4151 alpha Plus LKB, Biochrom, UK) vs. CZE-LIFD, a very sensitive method; d) arginine was not measurable in control subjects vs. measurement in both control and periodontal patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Arginine and glutamate levels in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis

et al. 2008

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The objectives of this study were to determine arginine and glutamate levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of adult chronic periodontitis patients versus periodontally healthy controls, and to compare two kinds of microdialysis probes: normal and U-shaped probes. The analysis of GCF components was developed to improve the diagnosis of periodontal disease (PD). Proteolysis in the periodontal tissues increases the concentration of amino acids (aa) in the GCF and the levels of these aa may reveal PD features and stages. GCF samples were collected by microdialysis in situ from 5 periodontally affected sites (probing depth 5 mm, clinical attachment loss 3 mm) in 14 adult chronic periodontitis patients and from 14 adult periodontally healthy controls. Capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to laser induced fluorescence detection was used to measure concentration of arginine and glutamate in the GCF. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (á=0.05). Arginine concentration was increased (p<0.001) and glutamate concentration was decreased (p<0.001) in chronic periodontitis patients as compared to controls. There were no significant differences (p=0.069) between the normal and U-shaped probes. In conclusion, the increase of arginine and decrease of glutamate concentration in GCF were associated to the presence of periodontitis, and might be used as markers to recognize periodontally susceptible subjects as well as to evaluate the treatment course.

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“…This is likely to be important in early dental plaque since the concentration of free arginine in saliva is extremely low, in the order of 0.004 mM to 0.03 mM (2,49,54). Even within a mature 48-h dental plaque biofilm, free arginine is present only at around 0.2 mM (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Gene Expression in a Mixed-Genus Community: Stabilized Arginine Biosynthesis inStreptococcus gordoniiby Coaggregation withActinomyces naeslundii

Jakubovics

Gill²,

Iobst³

et al. 2008

J Bacteriol

101

115

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Interactions involving genetically distinct bacteria, for example, between oral streptococci and actinomyces, are central to dental plaque development. A DNA microarray identified Streptococcus gordonii genes regulated in response to coaggregation with Actinomyces naeslundii. The expression of 23 genes changed >3-fold in coaggregates, including that of 9 genes involved in arginine biosynthesis and transport. The capacity of S. gordonii to synthesize arginine was assessed using a chemically defined growth medium. In monoculture, streptococcal arginine biosynthesis was inefficient and streptococci could not grow aerobically at low arginine concentrations. In dual-species cultures containing coaggregates, however, S. gordonii grew to high cell density at low arginine concentrations. Equivalent cocultures without coaggregates showed no growth until coaggregation was evident (9 h). An argH mutant was unable to grow at low arginine concentrations with or without A. naeslundii, indicating that arginine biosynthesis was essential for coaggregation-induced streptococcal growth. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, the expression of argC, argG, and pyrA b was strongly (10-to 100-fold) up-regulated in S. gordonii monocultures after 3 h of growth when exogenous arginine was depleted. Cocultures without induced coaggregation showed similar regulation. However, within 1 h after coaggregation with A. naeslundii, the expression of argC, argG, and pyrA b in S. gordonii was partially upregulated although arginine was plentiful, and mRNA levels did not increase further when arginine was diminished. Thus, A. naeslundii stabilizes S. gordonii expression of arginine biosynthesis genes in coaggregates but not cocultures and enables aerobic growth when exogenous arginine is limited.

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Free amino acid levels in oral fluids of normal subjects and patients with periodontal disease

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

The presence of high concentrations of free d-amino acids in human saliva

The presence of high concentrations of free d-amino acids in human saliva

Arginine and glutamate levels in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis

Regulation of Gene Expression in a Mixed-Genus Community: Stabilized Arginine Biosynthesis inStreptococcus gordoniiby Coaggregation withActinomyces naeslundii

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