Free arterialised venous forearm flaps for intraoral reconstruction

Arterialized venous flaps: A review of the literature

“…[3][4][5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]20,23,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Woo et al 16 presented three perfusion patterns in their series, including antegrade, retrograde, and mixed perfu-…”

“…8,16,21,24 Because of the unfavorable outcomes using type I and type II venous flaps, 8,23,[25][26][27][28][29] clinical reports have been mostly focused on type III venous flaps, which are considered the most reliable of these three types. [3][4][5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]20,23,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Even so, there continues to be problematic with type III venous flaps limiting their widespread acceptance. A greater understanding of venous flaps through a review of the literature is difficult, given that most series are small and their approach to venous flap transplantation varied making results and conclusions difficult to correlate between studies.…”

Arterialized venous free flap for reconstruction of burned face

“…[15][16][17][18][19] Venous flap evolution is torpid, with cyanosis, venous congestion and edema that may cause boils, discoloration, atrophy, and necrosis up to 21-40%, and its evolution has limited their dimensions, which usually range from 5 3 10 cm up to 20 3 9 cm. 1,3,4,[20][21][22][23][24] The survival percentage is inversely proportional to the size of the flap. 2 However, they have some major advantages over the traditional flaps such as less volume, good skin quality, larger number of donor sites, easier dissection, large pedicles, less volume, and less donor site morbidity, and with a careful planning, the flap can be of the great dimensions 2 ; herein, we consider them an option for facial burn reconstruction.…”

“…1,2 Nevertheless, they are not widely used due to their unpredictability of its evolution and the limited dimensions. 1,3,4 For these reasons, we would like to present an arterialized venous free flap used for reconstruction of facial burn sequels, and to diminish its probabilities of necrosis, a greater number of efferent venous anastomoses were done.…”

Simultaneous coverage of two separate dorsal digital defects with a syndactylizing venous free flap

“…5,6 Plantar and lower-limb defect and intraoral reconstruction have also been described. 7,8 In 1991, Chen et al 9 classified venous flaps into four types according to their recipient vessels which enter and leave the flap. 9 Since that time, various schema have been proposed for describing venous flaps based upon the intravenous valve arrangement or inflow and outflow vessel arrangement.…”