Free Chlorine Disinfection of Membrane Bioreactor Permeate: Disinfection Efficacies, Disinfection Byproducts, And Selected Microcontaminants

Mansell, Bruce; Huitric, Shiaw-Jy; Munakata, Naoko; Kuo, Jeff; Tang, Chi‐Chung; Ackman, Philip; Friess, Philip L.; Maguin, Stephen R.

doi:10.2175/193864709793847636

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This indicates that the MS2 inactivation was very rapid in the CTF MBR effluent and did not require a high NaOCl dose to meet the 5-log inactivation goal. This observation is consistent with the previous reports on bench-and pilot-scale free chlorine disinfection studies with MBR effluents (Hirani et al, 2014;Mansell et al, 2008;Mansell, et al, 2009), as well as those granular media-filtered tertiary effluents (Adelman et al, 2016;Huitric et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Mansell et al (2008) reported that Ct values above 30 and 40 mgÁmin/L were sufficient to achieve 5-log MS2 inactivation and less than 2.2 MPN/100 mL total coliform goal, respectively, in a series of bench-and pilot-scale experiments of free chlorine disinfection of membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent spiked with mixed liquor from the aeration tank to simulate the effluent from damaged hollow fiber membranes. Mansell et al (2009) also confirmed that more than 5-log inactivation of poliovirus could be achieved with a similar free chlorine disinfection in a bench-scale experiment, whereas chloramine was much less effective than free chlorine. They also reported that poliovirus was more susceptible to chloramine than MS2 in the bench-scale experiment.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…A number of research papers have been published in the past 10 years on the free chlorine disinfection of tertiary effluent to revisit the Ct value determination for effective disinfection of nitrified recycled water in California (Adelman et al, 2016;Hirani et al, 2014;Huitric et al, 2013;Mansell et al, 2008;Mansell et al, 2009). The researchers in the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (LACSD) have conducted a series of pioneering work at their Whittier Narrows Water Reclamation Plant (Mansell et al, 2008;Mansell et al, 2009) and San Jose Creek East Water Reclamation Plant (Huitric et al, 2013). Mansell et al (2008) reported that Ct values above 30 and 40 mgÁmin/L were sufficient to achieve 5-log MS2 inactivation and less than 2.2 MPN/100 mL total coliform goal, respectively, in a series of bench-and pilot-scale experiments of free chlorine disinfection of membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent spiked with mixed liquor from the aeration tank to simulate the effluent from damaged hollow fiber membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free Chlorine Disinfection of Full‐Scale MBR Effluent to Achieve 5‐Log Virus Inactivation

Ikehata

Li²,

Komor³

et al. 2018

Water Environment Research

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A series of full-scale testing was performed at the City of Lathrop Consolidated Treatment Facility to determine the "concentration times time" (Ct) value for free chlorine disinfection of nitrified membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent to achieve more than 5-log virus inactivation. The full-scale testing consisted of tracer study, chlorine decay study, and virus seeding study. The virus seeding study was performed at a flow rate of 1 million gal/d (3800 m3/min), which corresponded to a theoretical contact time of 117 minutes in the chlorine contact basin. It was found that Ct values as small as 3 mg·min/L were sufficient to achieve 5-log inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage in this study, which is comparable to the results of previous bench- and pilot-scale free chlorine disinfection studies on nitrified MBR effluent (3 to 40 mg·min/L), as well as those of pilot- and full-scale studies on granular media-filtered nitrified effluent (2 to 22 mg·min/L).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Free Chlorine Disinfection of Full‐Scale MBR Effluent to Achieve 5‐Log Virus Inactivation

Ikehata

Li²,

Komor³

et al. 2018

Water Environment Research

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show abstract

“…In another study, complete removal of a viral indicator from the effluent of an MBR treating grey water via UV irradiation was reported [120]. Mansell et al [121] reported achievement of five-log virus inactivation with free chlorine dosing to MBR effluent at concentrations one-tenth of 450 mg Cl2-min/L, which is the minimum value required by California Water Recycling Criteria (Title 22) for all chlorine disinfection processes. Li et al [122] found that after treatment by MBR with a short HRT of less than an hour, the required dose of chlorine for the effluent to reach the drinking water standard was reduced from 22.3 ± 5.1 to 0.5 ± 0.1 mg/L.…”

Section: Requirement Of Post-disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Removal of Pathogens by Membrane Bioreactors: A Review of the Mechanisms, Influencing Factors and Reduction in Chemical Disinfectant Dosing

Hai

Riley

Shawkat

et al. 2014

Water

110

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Abstract:The continued depletion of fresh drinking water resources throughout the world has increased the need for a variety of water treatment and recycling strategies. Conventional wastewater treatment processes rely on extensive chemical post-disinfection to comply with the stringent microbiological safety for water reuse. When well designed and operated, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) can consistently achieve efficient removals of suspended solids, protozoa and coliform bacteria. Under optimal conditions, MBR systems can also significantly remove various viruses and phages. This paper provides an in-depth overview of the mechanisms and influencing factors of pathogen removal by MBR and highlights practical issues, such as reduced chemical disinfectant dosing requirements and associated economic and environmental benefits. Special attention has been paid to the aspects, such as membrane cleaning, membrane imperfections/breach and microbial regrowth, in the distribution system on the overall pathogen removal performance of MBR.

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“…Interest in the use of UltraFiltration (UF) membrane processes as an alternative technology to conventional disinfection techniques, designed to achieve the restrictive agriculture wastewater reuse standards, is growing [1][2][3]. To this aim, the application of UF membrane processes has proved to be competitively priced and the possibility of easily installing the UF equipment into the current wastewater treatment facilities is a further key element [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafiltration (UF) Pilot Plant for Municipal Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: Impact of the Operation Mode on Process Performance

Falsanisi

Liberti

Notarnicola

2010

Water

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Abstract:Following increasing interest in the use of UltraFiltration (UF) membrane processes as an alternative advanced disinfection technique, the performance of a UF pilot plant was investigated under two opposite operating conditions ("stressed operating condition" versus "conventional operating condition"). The results indicate that for both conditions, the reclaimed effluent complied with the Italian regulations for unrestricted wastewater reuse (i.e., Total Suspended Solids (TSS) < 10 mg/L; Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) < 100 mg/L and Escherichia coli < 10 CFU/100 mL). On the other hand, when compared with the Title 22 of the California Wastewater Reclamation Criteria, only the effluent produced under the "conventional operating condition" met the stipulated water quality standards (i.e., TSS and turbidity undetectable and total coliforms < 2.2 CFU/100 mL). It should be noted that, in spite of the nominal cut-off size, total coliforms breakthrough was indeed occasionally observed. A localized membrane pore micro-enlargement mechanism was hypothesized to explain the total coliforms propagation in the ultrafiltered effluent, as monitoring of the membrane permeability and transmembrane pressure highlighted that gel/cake formation had only a minor contribution to the overall membrane fouling mechanism with respect to pore plugging and pore narrowing mechanisms. OPEN ACCESSWater 2009, 1 873

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Free Chlorine Disinfection of Membrane Bioreactor Permeate: Disinfection Efficacies, Disinfection Byproducts, And Selected Microcontaminants

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Free Chlorine Disinfection of Full‐Scale MBR Effluent to Achieve 5‐Log Virus Inactivation

Free Chlorine Disinfection of Full‐Scale MBR Effluent to Achieve 5‐Log Virus Inactivation

Removal of Pathogens by Membrane Bioreactors: A Review of the Mechanisms, Influencing Factors and Reduction in Chemical Disinfectant Dosing

Ultrafiltration (UF) Pilot Plant for Municipal Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: Impact of the Operation Mode on Process Performance

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