Free Classification of Canadian and American Emergency Management Map Symbol Standards

Bianchetti, Raechel A.; Wallgrün, Jan Oliver; Yang, Jinhai; Blanford, Simon; Robinson, Anthony C.; Klippel, Alexander

doi:10.1179/1743277412y.0000000022

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The main selection criterion was that all the cartographic symbol sets should contain symbols representing objects, phenomena and actions specific to crisis management, regardless of their primary purpose. Other criteria were their availability in the public domain and their recognition by the cartographic scientific and crisis mapping community [11,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The visual organisation of the symbols in the set should be such that crisis management participants (both cartographers and map users) notice it immediately [15]. This can be achieved by using the appropriate colour hues and different shapes for framing cartographic symbols, as in the sets in Emergency Response Symbology, Canadian All Hazard Symbology and MIL-STD-2525 Common Warfighting Symbology.…”

Section: Recommendations and Best Practices For The Taxonomy Visual mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cartographic Symbology for Crisis Mapping: A Comparative Study

Divjak

Đapo

Pribičević

2020

IJGI

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Cartographic symbols on crisis maps serve as means of depicting information about the position, properties, and/or numerical values of objects, phenomena or actions specific to crisis mapping. Many crisis cartographic visualisations require simple, clear, categorised and visually organised symbols that can be easily read and understood by a wide range of crisis map users. Cartographic symbol sets for crisis mapping depend on effective graphic design, good availability (sharing and promotion, dissemination and promulgation) and standardisation (ensuring the general and repeatable use of map symbols). In this research, our aim was to examine the extent of these challenges in current cartographic symbology for crisis mapping. Through a comparative study of prominent symbol sets, we analysed efforts invested so far and proposed future directions. The results of this study may be of assistance in understanding less unified or coherent symbologies currently in use, or in revising or amplifying existing sets for future publication.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recommendations and Best Practices For The Taxonomy Visual mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartographic Symbology for Crisis Mapping: A Comparative Study

Divjak

Đapo

Pribičević

2020

IJGI

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“…Some researchers have classified natural hazards and disasters by categories [30], including geological (e.g., earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, erosion), hydro-meteorological (e.g., hurricane, tornado, storm), and biological and social (e.g., famine, pestilence, fire, oil spills, explosion). Some researchers have free classified the Canadian and American emergency management map symbols into four categories, namely, Incident for man-made disasters, Natural Event for natural disasters, Infrastructures, and Operations for public sites and emergency facilities [24,29]. According to these research achievements, the existing symbol classifications and corresponding libraries are expressed in Figure 1a.…”

Section: Disaster and Related Map Symbol Librariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, classification standards for symbol management have been designed. Some researchers have classified the emergency symbols into four categories, including incident, natural event, infrastructure, and operation, to represent man-made incidents, natural disasters, affiliated infrastructures, and emergency facilities, respectively [29,30]. Other researchers have classified the symbol library into three categories according to the disaster category and characteristics, including the geological disaster symbol set, the hydro-meteorological disaster symbol set, and the biological and social disaster symbol set [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Procedural Construction Method for Interactive Map Symbols Used for Disasters and Emergency Response

Peng

Yue

et al. 2017

IJGI

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Abstract:The timely and accurate mapping of dynamic disasters and emergencies is an important task that is necessary for supporting the decision-making that can improve the efficiency of rescue and response efforts. The existing emergency symbol libraries are primarily composed of point symbols and simple line symbols, focusing on the representation of disasters, related facilities, and operations. However, various existing response factors (e.g., the distribution and types of emergency forces) are also important for further decision-making and emergency responses; there is a need to design complex and diverse symbols to represent this rich information. Moreover, traditional mapping systems only provide static map symbols that cannot be easily edited after creation, making it difficult to support interactive editing after the symbols are mapped, thus hindering the representation of dynamic disasters and response factors. This article targets a solution of the above issues by proposing a procedural construction method of interactive map symbols for dynamic disasters and emergency responses. There are two primary research points. First, an emergency response and decision symbol library was classified and integrated into the existing attachments to form a richer symbol library for comprehensively representing disasters and emergencies. Second, an interactive map symbol procedural construction method was designed based on (1) primitive geometric compositions and geometric graphics algorithms to construct the map symbol graphics; (2) an interactive graphics control and drawing attributes configuration method to support user interactive editing of the visual variables of the mapped symbols; (3) and a dynamic updating and drawing strategy to support the real-time refreshing of the changing visual variables. The experiment was conducted using the Wenchuan earthquake as a case study, and the results demonstrate a powerful capacity of the produced interactive map symbols, which will contribute to the improvement of the mapping efficiency and representation capability of disasters and emergency response.

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“…Some of this research is based on reviews of specific topics such as cartographic interactions (Roth, 2012) and change detection on animated maps (Goldsberry and Battersby, 2009), but most of it is based on tests designed to assess the efficiency of certain cartographic choices by human subjects -most often undergraduate students -performing tasks designed around controlled stimuli (Lobben et al, 2009). These tests aim to address cartographic design issues in the digital context, often with some social considerations such as improving the symbolization on emergency response maps (Bianchetti et al, 2012;Moore et al, 2013;Opach and Rød, 2013;Razikin et al, 2010), the use of color for users with disabilities (Culp, 2012;Steinruücken and Pluümer, 2013), and our understanding of the emotional responses associated with different cartographic designs (Fabrikant et al, 2012;Griffin and McQuoid, 2012;Muehlenhaus, 2012). These examples, as well as many others compiled in recent collections (e.g.…”

Section: Contextualizing Cognitive Cartographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartography III

Caquard

2014

Progress in Human Geography

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In this third report, I focus on cognitive cartography in order to examine how the historical division between empiricist and critical approaches in cartography has shifted recently. I do so by building on Kitchin and Dodge’s argument (2007) that parts of the apparent disjuncture within cartography might be resolved through a greater focus on emergent approaches to mapping as a process, which is the core idea of post-representational cartography. By looking at cognitive cartography from a post-representational perspective I emphasize two major trends. On the one hand, the processual positioning of post-representational cartography simply shifts the historical line of divide, since it inherently disqualifies any cognitive studies that artificially dissociate the map from its context of use and production. On the other hand, by enabling the combination of critical positioning with empiricist practices, post-representational cartography offers opportunities to revisit in practical terms the tensions between these two approaches. It provides an original framework to envision our mental, emotional and embodied relationships with maps and with places through maps, and has the potential to bring cartography into a new arena in which the empiricist/critical divide could be transcended.

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Free Classification of Canadian and American Emergency Management Map Symbol Standards

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Cartographic Symbology for Crisis Mapping: A Comparative Study

Cartographic Symbology for Crisis Mapping: A Comparative Study

A Procedural Construction Method for Interactive Map Symbols Used for Disasters and Emergency Response

Cartography III

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