Free energy of formation of stabilized Bi2O3 (fcc) from e.m.f. measurements

Abstract

Using cells with calcia stabilized zirconia as the solid electrolyte, the standard free energy of formation of stabilized Bi203 (fcc) was determined in the temperature range 750-950 K. The stability against reduction of stabilized Bi:O3 (fcc) is not increased with respect to pure 6-Bi203 (fcc). The corrosion of the calcia stabilized zirconia tube caused by Bi203 which took place along the grain boundaries, was investigated.

Microstructural development, electrical properties and oxygen permeation of zirconia-palladium composites

“…The surface reaction may consist of many sequential steps each of which may be rate limiting [ 6,7]. Important steps are adsorption from the gas phase, the actual charge transfer reaction between the adsorbed species and the bulk together with their reversed reactions.…”

Preparation and electrical properties of a monophasic ZrO2Y2O3Bi2O3 solid electrolyte

“…The value of T S for zirconia can be decreased to 1460 K if a sinter-reactive starting powder is used [3,4]. A disadvantage with the use of stabilized Bi203 is the reducibility and corrosive character at higher temperatures [5,6].…”

Stable High Conductivity Bilayered Electrolytes for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

“…On the other hand, the conductivity of 17% dopant level compositions (Table 2 and Figure 2-10) showed single activation energies, except for 12Dy5WSB that exhibited a slight change in activation energy. This change in activation energy is attributed to an order-disorder transition of the oxygen sublattice [11,16]. Those compositions with the greatest disparity have the greatest tendency to order at low temperature [9].…”

“…Verkerk and Burggraaf [16] investigated DySB, in the composition range 5 to 60 mol% Dy 2 O 3 . The cubic phase for DySB containing 28.5 to 50 mol % Dy 2 O 3 was found to be stable over the temperature of measurement (300 to 800°C).…”

“…These cations were selected for their high polarizability in order to achieve a stable disordered anion lattice and a high mobility. By double doping we were able to obtain compositions (11-17% dopant) that were cubic, when single dopants would not stabilize the cubic structure at this low [15], closed square) and 28.5DySB (Verkerk et al [16], closed triangle) is given as a reference at either end of the range. of a dopant level.…”