Free-Enzyme Bioremediation of Pesticides

Scott, Colin; Begley, Cameron; Taylor, Matthew C.; Pandey, Gyanendra; Momiroski, Vinko; French, Nigel G.; Brearly, Clint; Kotsonis, Steven; Selleck, Michael; Cariño, Flerida A.; Bajet, Cristina M.; Clarke, C. A.; Oakeshott, John G.; Russell, Robyn J.

doi:10.1021/bk-2011-1075.ch011

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition to its therapeutic applications, OpdA is the only enzyme that is currently commercially employed as a bioremedier. The Australian company Orica Ltd, has marketed the OpdA-containing product Landguard™ OP-A for use in pesticide decontamination of water sources (Anderson et al, 2011; Scott et al, 2011). Studies starting in 2004 have shown that Landguard™ is able to significantly reduce OP levels in agricultural wastewater validating recombinant enzymes as a viable method of decontaminating contaminated sources at a significant scale.…”

Section: Enzymes For Decontaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Bioremediation of Organophosphate Compounds—Progress and Remaining Challenges

Thakur

Medintz

Walper

2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

110

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Organophosphate compounds are ubiquitously employed as agricultural pesticides and maintained as chemical warfare agents by several nations. These compounds are highly toxic, show environmental persistence and accumulation, and contribute to numerous cases of poisoning and death each year. While their use as weapons of mass destruction is rare, these never fully disappear into obscurity as they continue to be tools of fear and control by governments and terrorist organizations. Beyond weaponization, their wide-scale dissemination as agricultural products has led to environmental accumulation and intoxication of soil and water across the globe. Therefore, there is a dire need for rapid and safe agents for environmental bioremediation, personal decontamination, and as therapeutic detoxicants. Organophosphate hydrolyzing enzymes are emerging as appealing targets to satisfy decontamination needs owing to their ability to hydrolyze both pesticides and nerve agents using biologically-derived materials safe for both the environment and the individual. As the release of genetically modified organisms is not widely accepted practice, researchers are exploring alternative strategies of organophosphate bioremediation that focus on cell-free enzyme systems. In this review, we first discuss several of the more prevalent organophosphorus hydrolyzing enzymes along with research and engineering efforts that have led to an enhancement in their activity, substrate tolerance, and stability. In the later half we focus on advances achieved through research focusing on enhancing the catalytic activity and stability of phosphotriesterase, a model organophosphate hydrolase, using various approaches such as nanoparticle display, DNA scaffolding, and outer membrane vesicle encapsulation.

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Section: Enzymes For Decontaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Bioremediation of Organophosphate Compounds—Progress and Remaining Challenges

Thakur

Medintz

Walper

2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

110

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“…The B. thuringiensis spore display system overcame the major challenges of enzyme-based bioremediation in the environment, including stability of enzymatic activity, and no requirement for cofactor supplementation (60). Previously, an enzyme-based remediant developed by CSIRO Ecosystem Science showed a half-life of 79 hours in the natural water (61).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation of Atrazine and its Metabolite Using Multiple Enzymes Delivered by aBacillus thuringiensisSpore Display System

Hsu,

Hsieh,

Stewart

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Atrazine (ATR), a widely used herbicide in the United States, has contaminated ground and surface water. The persistence in the environment, the carcinogenic characteristic, and the endocrine disruption activity of ATR raises public health concerns. To provide a clean source of drinking water, it is imperative to remediate ATR and its metabolites without toxic by-products. A green technology,Bacillus thuringiensisspore-based display system, has been developed to express a high density of enzymes on the spore surface. TheB. thuringiensisspore can serve as a bioparticle to deliver enzymes to different environments and enhance the stability and shelf-life of enzymes expressed on their surface. A cluster of enzymes, AtzA, AtzB, AtzC, AtzD, AtzE, and AtzF, found inPseudomonas sp.strain ADP, remediates ATR to CO2and NH3in the degradation pathway. AtzA-bearing spores were generated, and they successfully demonstrated the capability of converting ATR to its metabolite, hydroxyatrazine (HA) [Hsiehet al.2020]. In this study, AtzB, a hydroxyatrazineN-ethylaminohydrolase that hydrolyzes HA toN-isopropylammelide (NiPA), was expressed on theBacillusspores by fusingatzBto the gene encoding the attachment domain of the BclA spore surface nap layer protein. The results showed that 1 mg AtzB-bearing spores degraded 50% of HA to NiPA in water within 12 hours. The Kmand Vmaxof AtzB-bearing spores with HA as a substrate were 25.28 µM and 1.26 nmole NiPA h-1mg-1spores, respectively. The optimal ratio of 1:2 for AtzA-bearing to AtzB-bearing spores was applied and successfully converted 90% ATR to NiPA in the water after 96 hours of incubation. The surface water with the addition of 34.5 nM (7.5 µg L-1) of ATR was treated with a combination of AtzA-bearing and AtzB-bearing spores in a 96-hour time course study. Over 80% of applied ATR in surface water was degraded and ATR concentration was below the United States Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level, 13.8 nM (3 µg L-1) within 24 hours. At the end of 96 hours. ATR in surface water was completely converted to NiPA. We have successfully demonstrated the application of multienzyme bioremediation of ATR using theBacillusspore-based display system in the surface water in the laboratory.

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“…In contrast, biodegradation provides a potentially favorable alternative approach for achieving complete PFAS degradation via a low-cost, environmentally friendly technology. Biodegradation using microbes or cell-free enzymes has been demonstrated to be technically effective for a range of contaminants, including herbicides ( 33 ), insecticides ( 34 , 35 ), fungicides ( 36 – 38 ), and industrial solvents ( 39 , 40 ). The biodegradation of naturally occurring and synthetic organochlorides has been investigated and documented extensively ( 41 , 42 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the development of a molecular toolkit for the microbial remediation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Hu,

Scott

2024

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly fluorinated synthetic organic compounds that have been used extensively in various industries owing to their unique properties. The PFAS family encompasses diverse classes, with only a fraction being commercially relevant. These substances are found in the environment, including in water sources, soil, and wildlife, leading to human exposure and fueling concerns about potential human health impacts. Although PFAS degradation is challenging, biodegradation offers a promising, eco-friendly solution. Biodegradation has been effective for a variety of organic contaminants but is yet to be successful for PFAS due to a paucity of identified microbial species capable of transforming these compounds. Recent studies have investigated PFAS biotransformation and fluoride release; however, the number of specific microorganisms and enzymes with demonstrable activity with PFAS remains limited. This review discusses enzymes that could be used in PFAS metabolism, including haloacid dehalogenases, reductive dehalogenases, cytochromes P450, alkane and butane monooxygenases, peroxidases, laccases, desulfonases, and the mechanisms of microbial resistance to intracellular fluoride. Finally, we emphasize the potential of enzyme and microbial engineering to advance PFAS degradation strategies and provide insights for future research in this field.

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Free-Enzyme Bioremediation of Pesticides

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Enzymatic Bioremediation of Organophosphate Compounds—Progress and Remaining Challenges

Enzymatic Bioremediation of Organophosphate Compounds—Progress and Remaining Challenges

Bioremediation of Atrazine and its Metabolite Using Multiple Enzymes Delivered by aBacillus thuringiensisSpore Display System

Toward the development of a molecular toolkit for the microbial remediation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances

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