Free‐living amoebae promote
            <i>Candida auris</i>
            survival and proliferation in water

Hubert, Florent; Rodier, Marie‐Hélène; Minoza, Alida; Portet‐Sulla, Vincent; Cateau, Estelle; Brunet, Kévin

doi:10.1111/lam.13395

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The findings suggest hot tropical marine ecosystem as one of the natural habitat for C. auris. More importantly, the investigators isolated two different strains from a site remote from human activity (the salt marsh area); a multidrug-susceptible and a multidrug-resistant C. auris and the multidrug-susceptible isolate grew slower than other isolates at both 37 • C and 42 • C [117]. These findings are consistent with global warming emergence hypothesis put forth recently by Casadevall et al [116,119], suggesting that C. auris likely evolved and adapted to higher temperatures recently.…”

Section: Colonization Of Hospitalized Patients With C Aurissupporting

confidence: 75%

“…However, the possibility that the swimming pools were seeded by shedding from individuals who were previously colonized by C. auris during their stay in a healthcare or long-term care facility cannot be ruled out. However, contrary to previous efforts, Arora et al [117] recently succeeded in the isolation of C. auris from two environmental sources, the salt marsh area and sandy beaches from Andaman Islands, Union Territory of India, in the Indian Ocean. The findings suggest hot tropical marine ecosystem as one of the natural habitat for C. auris.…”

Section: Colonization Of Hospitalized Patients With C Aurismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The authors also suggested a natural wetland or marine (warmer and osmotolerant) environmental niche for C. auris [116]. Another study also proposed the aquatic environment as the natural habitat of C. auris, as it was used as a prey by two free-living amoebae and proliferated when exposed to protozoal supernatants [117]. Taking a cue from these observations, Arora et al [118] explored the tropical marine ecosystems around very isolated Andaman Islands, Union Territory of India in the Indian Ocean, and isolated several Clade I C. auris from two sites, the virgin habitat of salt marsh area with no human activity and from a sandy beach [118].…”

Section: Origin Of C Auris As a Major Fungal Pathogen And Virulence Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candida auris: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Infection Control Measures to Combat the Spread of Infections in Healthcare Facilities

2021

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Candida auris, a recently recognized, often multidrug-resistant yeast, has become a significant fungal pathogen due to its ability to cause invasive infections and outbreaks in healthcare facilities which have been difficult to control and treat. The extraordinary abilities of C. auris to easily contaminate the environment around colonized patients and persist for long periods have recently resulted in major outbreaks in many countries. C. auris resists elimination by robust cleaning and other decontamination procedures, likely due to the formation of ‘dry’ biofilms. Susceptible hospitalized patients, particularly those with multiple comorbidities in intensive care settings, acquire C. auris rather easily from close contact with C. auris-infected patients, their environment, or the equipment used on colonized patients, often with fatal consequences. This review highlights the lessons learned from recent studies on the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, susceptibility, and molecular basis of resistance to antifungal drugs and infection control measures to combat the spread of C. auris infections in healthcare facilities. Particular emphasis is given to interventions aiming to prevent new infections in healthcare facilities, including the screening of susceptible patients for colonization; the cleaning and decontamination of the environment, equipment, and colonized patients; and successful approaches to identify and treat infected patients, particularly during outbreaks.

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Section: Colonization Of Hospitalized Patients With C Aurissupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Colonization Of Hospitalized Patients With C Aurismentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Origin Of C Auris As a Major Fungal Pathogen And Virulence Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Candida auris: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Infection Control Measures to Combat the Spread of Infections in Healthcare Facilities

2021

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“…Members of the Fungi are the main decomposers of organic matter on Earth. They are natural saprophytes that can survive in amoebas and other aquatic organisms, be part of biofilms in water pipes, and cause infections in immunocompromised individuals (Wahl et al, 2018;Hubert et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the structure of winter microbial communities in Chelyabinsk lakes

et al. 2021

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Microorganisms form complex and dynamic communities that play a key role in the biogeochemical cycles of lakes. A high level of urbanization is currently a serious threat to bacterial communities and the ecosystem of freshwater bodies. To assess the contribution of anthropogenic load to variations in the structure of winter microbial communities in lakes, microorganisms of four water bodies of Chelyabinsk region were studied for the first time. We used cultural, chromatography-mass spectrometric, and modern methods of statistical data processing (particularly, multivariate exploratory analysis and canonical analysis of correspondences). The research showed that the composition of winter microbial communities in lakes Chebarkul’, Smolino, Pervoye, and Shershenevskoye Reservoir did not differ significantly between the main phyla of microorganisms. The dominant microorganisms were found to be of the Firmicutes phylum and Actinobacteria phylum. The structure of bacterial communities had special features depending on the characteristics of the water body and the sampling depths. Thus, in the lakes Smolino, Pervoye, and Shershenevskoye Reservoir, an important role was played by associations between microorganisms – indicators of fecal contamination: coliform bacteria and Enterococcus. On the contrary, in Chebarkul’ Lake, members of the genus Bacillus, which are natural bioremediators, formed stable winter associations. However, the differences between water bodies and sampling depths reflected 28.1% and 9.8% of the variability of the winter microbial communities, respectively. The largest contribution (about 60%) to the variability of the structure was made by intra-water processes, which determined the high heterogeneity of samples from different water areas. We assume that an important role in this variability was played by the high anthropogenic impact in a large industrial metropolis. In our opinion, this line of research is very promising for addressing key environmental issues.

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“…Cysts have a double-layer wall made essentially of cellulose (Garajová et al 2019 ) that protects the protozoan against unfavorable conditions (e.g., food shortages, dissection, extreme pH, and temperatures) or antimicrobial agents (e.g., NaCl, chlorine, drugs, UV, heat) (Aksozek et al 2002 ; Thomas et al 2008 ; Chaúque and Rott 2021a , b ; Chaúque et al 2021 ). FLA are considered the “Trojan Horse” of the microbial world, as phylogenetically diverse microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses survive and multiply within them; these microorganisms are called amoeba-resistant microorganisms (ARM) (Greub and Raoult 2004 ; Scheid 2014 ; Delafont et al 2016 ; Hubert et al 2021 ; Rayamajhee et al 2021 ). A wide range of pathogens of public health importance have been described as being ARM, including Legionella pneumophila , Mycobacterium leprae , Pseudomonas spp., Candida auris , and various viruses (Maschio et al 2015 ; Staggemeier et al 2016 ; Balczun and Scheid 2017 ; Turankar et al 2019 ; Nisar et al 2020 ; Hubert et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of free-living amoebae in swimming pools and recreational waters, a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Free-living amoebae (FLA) are cosmopolitan microorganisms known to be pathogenic to humans who often have a history of contact with contaminated water. Swimming pools and recreational waters are among the environments where the greatest human exposure to FLA occurs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FLA in swimming pools and recreational waters, through a systematic review and meta-analysis that included studies published between 1977 and 2022. A total of 106 studies were included and an overall prevalence of FLA in swimming pools and recreational waters of 44.34% (95% CI = 38.57–50.18) was found. Considering the studies published up to 2010 (1977–2010), between 2010 and 2015, and those published after 2010 (> 2010–2022), the prevalence was 53.09% (95% CI = 43.33–62.73) and 37.07% (95% CI = 28.87–45.66) and 45.40% (95% CI = 35.48–55.51), respectively. The highest prevalence was found in the American continent (63.99%), in Mexico (98.35%), and in indoor hot swimming pools (52.27%). The prevalence varied with the variation of FLA detection methods, morphology (57.21%), PCR (25.78%), and simultaneously morphology and PCR (43.16%). The global prevalence by genera was Vahlkampfia spp. (54.20%), Acanthamoeba spp. (33.47%), Naegleria spp. (30.95%), Hartmannella spp./ Vermamoeba spp. (20.73%), Stenamoeba spp . (12.05%), and Vannella spp. (10.75%). There is considerable risk of FLA infection in swimming pools and recreational waters. Recreational water safety needs to be routinely monitored and, in case of risk, locations need to be identified with warning signs and users need to be educated. Swimming pools and artificial recreational water should be properly disinfected. Photolysis of NaOCl or NaCl in water by UV-C radiation is a promising alternative to disinfect swimming pools and artificial recreational waters. Graphical abstract Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00436-022-07631-3.

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Free‐living amoebae promote Candida auris survival and proliferation in water

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Candida auris: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Infection Control Measures to Combat the Spread of Infections in Healthcare Facilities

Candida auris: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Infection Control Measures to Combat the Spread of Infections in Healthcare Facilities

Variability of the structure of winter microbial communities in Chelyabinsk lakes

Prevalence of free-living amoebae in swimming pools and recreational waters, a systematic review and meta-analysis

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