Free medial plantar artery flap for the reconstruction of great toe pulp

An Algorithm for Forefoot Reconstruction With the Innervated Free Medial Plantar Flap

“…[11][12][13][14][15]26 At the time of writing, no case of ipsilateral free plantar flap reconstruction has been reported for forefoot reconstruction, though one was recently described for great toe pulp reconstruction in a young boy. 27 When the ipsilateral instep is available, it should be used to spare the healthy foot and facilitate postreconstructive mobility. Its use as a distally based island or rotation flap is supported in the literature.…”

Medial sural artery perforator free flap for the reconstruction of leg, foot and ankle defect: an excellent option

“…[8][9][10][11] With the revolutionary changes in microsurgery, the spectrum of free flap extended into the new territory of perforator-based flaps. [12][13][14][15][16] Cavadas et al in 2001 1 in their landmark study found out multiple perforating vessels coming out from gastrocnemius muscle supplying the skin in a fixed pattern. They correlated it with clinical cases and successfully performed MSAP free flap.…”

“…The concept, evolution, anatomy and design of propeller perforator flaps has been well studied . With the revolutionary changes in microsurgery, the spectrum of free flap extended into the new territory of perforator‐based flaps …”

Reverse-Flow Intrinsic Fasciocutaneous Island Flaps in Foot Reconstruction

“…Trauma, vascular disease, metabolic disease such as diabetes and tumor ablation contribute to its lesions and resulting defects can be restored by various reconstructive options; skin grafts, local flaps, reverse flaps, and free flaps. 1-19 Considering the principle of replacing “like with like,” adjacent soft tissues, flexible flap rotation using adjacent soft tissue has provided better options. 1-19 Extrinsic reverse flaps using the sural, 1 , peroneal, 2,3 and posterior tibial artery 4 have been well described and provide alternative options for foot reconstruction.…”

“…Proximally based intrinsic vascular foot flaps such as the extensor brevis muscle flap, 5 flexor digitorum muscle flap, 6,7 abductor hallucis 8 and digiti minimi muscle flaps, 9,10 first dorsal metatarsal artery flap (FDMA), 11-14 dorsalis pedis artery flap, 15,16 and the medial and lateral plantar flaps 17-19 have been well described. More than half of these flaps are muscle flaps, which have a stiff learning curve and poor donor morbidity as a common disadvantage.…”