Free‐radical polymerization of styrene with <i>p</i>‐nitrobenzyl triphenyl phosphonium ylide as an initiator

Prajapati, Kiran; Varshney, Anuradha

doi:10.1002/pola.20708

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The spectra for pure syndiotactic polystyrene generally contains sharp bands, as opposed to relatively broad bands obtained for atactic and isotactic polystyrene samples. 46 It has been reported that for pure syndiotactic 47 polystyrene the bands occur at 543, 739, 895, 1027, and 1200 cm -1 . In the present study the polystyrene sample showed sharp bands respectively at 546, 703, 766, 903, 1030, and 1177 cm -1 , indicating a component of syndiotactic behavior.…”

Section: Controlled Polymerization Of Styrene In Hbobmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoborate Acids as Initiators for Cationic Polymerization of Styrene in an Ionic Liquid Medium

Vijayaraghavan

MacFarlane

2007

Macromolecules

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A controlled cationic polymerization of styrene has been achieved using bisoxalatoboric acid (HBOB) as an initiator in a room temperature ionic liquid (IL) under mild reaction conditions to obtain polymers of low molecular weights and narrow polydispersity. HBOB represents a relatively easily handled cationic initiator as compared to those often used in cationic polymerization reactions. The concentration of HBOB was optimized, and it was found that the molecular weights of these polymers increased with decreasing HBOB concentration. Studies were performed with different water contents in the reaction mixture to gauge the water tolerance above which the polymerization is inhibited. Experiments were also carried out with other organoborate acids, and it was found that the trend in yields followed trends in Bronsted acidity. The efficiency of different ILs as reaction solvents is also discussed.

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Section: Controlled Polymerization Of Styrene In Hbobmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoborate Acids as Initiators for Cationic Polymerization of Styrene in an Ionic Liquid Medium

Vijayaraghavan

MacFarlane

2007

Macromolecules

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“…We have successfully investigated homopolymerization14, 15 and copolymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by a phosphorus ylide. We therefore, have extended our studies to synthesize and characterize a terpolymer of St–MMA–AN initiated by a phosphorus ylide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of imidacloprid residues in fruits, vegetables, cereals, fruit juices, and baby foods, and daily intake estimation in and around Lucknow, India

Kapoor¹,

Srivastava²,

Srivastava³

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-A total of 250 samples-including fruits, fruit juices, and baby foods (50 samples each), vegetables (70 samples), and cereals (30 samples)-were collected from Lucknow, India, and analyzed for the presence of imidacloprid residues. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method of extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis were carried out, and imidacloprid residues were qualitatively confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Imidacloprid was not detected in samples of fruit juices and baby foods. It was, however, detected in 38 samples of fruits, vegetables, and cereals, which is about 15.20% of the total samples. Of samples of fruits, 22% showed the presence of imidacloprid, and 2% of samples showed residues above the maximal residue limit. Although imidacloprid was detected in 24% of vegetable samples, only 5.71% showed the presence of imidacloprid above the maximal residue limit. However, 33% of cereal samples showed the presence of imidacloprid, and about 3% of samples were above the maximal residue limit. The calculated estimated daily intake ranged between 0.004 and 0.131 mg/kg body weight, and the hazard indices ranged from 0.007 to 0.218 for these food commodities. It is therefore indicated that lifetime consumption of vegetables, fruits, fruit juices, baby foods, wheat, rice, and pulses may not pose a health hazard for the population of Lucknow because the hazard indices for imidacloprid residues were below one. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:723-727. # 2012 SETAC

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“…35,36 One of the most common photocleavable protecting groups is the nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (NBOC) group which degrades via a photoinduced intramolecular hydrogen abstraction, followed by thermal reactions which eventually yield, most often, an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid. 34,37 Nitro functionalities have been incorporated into polymers by postpolymerization modification, 35 free radical polymerization, [38][39][40] or ATRP 41 from an initiator containing a nitro group, and ATRP from p-nitrophenyl methacrylate, 42 but no examples of polymers prepared by ATRP that possess the NBOC functionality have been reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Photocleavable Linear Macromonomers by ATRP and Star Macromonomers by a Tandem ATRP−Click Reaction: Precursors to Photodegradable Model Networks

et al. 2007

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Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) were utilized for the synthesis of photodegradable polymeric materials by two complementary schemes. Linear azido-telechelic macromonomers possessing a photocleavable functionality at the center were synthesized by ATRP and subsequent end-group modification. These macromonomers were cross-linked with a tetrafunctional alkyne by CuAAC to form insoluble materials which degraded upon exposure to UV light of 350 nm to yield soluble star polymer products of defined molecular weight. Complementary to this approach, four-armed star polymers possessing photocleavable arms and terminal azides were prepared by a novel one-pot CuAAC/ATRP reaction followed by end-group modification. These star polymers were cross-linked with a linear, bifunctional alkyne to yield insoluble materials which, upon exposure to UV light, degraded to yield linear polymers of defined molecular weight.

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Free‐radical polymerization of styrene with p‐nitrobenzyl triphenyl phosphonium ylide as an initiator

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Organoborate Acids as Initiators for Cationic Polymerization of Styrene in an Ionic Liquid Medium

Organoborate Acids as Initiators for Cationic Polymerization of Styrene in an Ionic Liquid Medium

Analysis of imidacloprid residues in fruits, vegetables, cereals, fruit juices, and baby foods, and daily intake estimation in and around Lucknow, India

Synthesis of Photocleavable Linear Macromonomers by ATRP and Star Macromonomers by a Tandem ATRP−Click Reaction: Precursors to Photodegradable Model Networks

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