Free-spin dominated magnetocaloric effect in dense Gd$^{3+}$ double perovskites

Abstract

Frustrated lanthanide oxides with dense magnetic lattices are of fundamental interest for their potential in cryogenic refrigeration due to a large ground state entropy and suppressed ordering temperatures, but can often be limited by short-range correlations. Here, we present examples of frustrated fcc oxides, Ba 2 GdSbO 6 and Sr 2 GdSbO 6 and the new site-disordered analog Ca 2 GdSbO 6 ([CaGd] A [CaSb] B O 6 ), in which the magnetocaloric effect is influenced by minimal superexchange (J 1 ∼ 10 mK). We report on the crystal structures using powder xray diffraction and the bulk magnetic properties through low-field susceptibility and isothermal magnetization measurements. The Gd compounds exhibit a magnetic entropy change of up to -15.8 J/K/mol Gd in a field of 7 T at 2 K, a 20% excess compared to the value of -13.0 J/K/mol Gd for a standard in magnetic refrigeration, Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 . Heat capacity measurements indicate a lack of magnetic ordering down to 0.4 K for Ba 2 GdSbO 6 and Sr 2 GdSbO 6 , suggesting cooling down through the liquid 4-He regime. A mean-field model is used to elucidate the role of primarily free spin behavior in the magnetocaloric performance of these compounds in comparison to other top-performing Gd-based oxides. The chemical flexibility of the double perovskites raises the possibility of further enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect in the Gd 3+ fcc lattices.