Free Triiodothyronine Levels are Related to Executive Function and Scene Memory in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Without Diagnosed Thyroid Diseases

Abstract

Purpose We aim to determine the role of free triiodothyronine (FT3), the main active ingredient of thyroid hormones (THs), in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Patients and Methods A total of 255 T2DM patients without diagnosed thyroid diseases were recruited and divided into MCI group and healthy cognition group. Neuropsychological functions were observed by multidimensional cognitive function scales in including MoCA, Digit Span Test (DST), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Clock drawing test (CDT), Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, Instantaneously Recalled Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT-IR), Delayed Recalled Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT-DR) and Logical Memory Test (LMT). Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the association between FT3 and diabetic cognitive dysfunction. Results Compared with 147 normal cognition patients, 108 MCI patients exhibited lower FT3 and higher HOMA-IR. FT3 level was not only positively correlated with MoCA scores, but DST, VFT and LMT, while negatively associated with TMTB. Furthermore, there is a negative association between FT3 and HOMA-IR. Logistic regression showed that decreased FT3 is a risk factor of MCI in T2DM patients. Although FT3 is not the risk factor of MCI after homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was entered as an independent variable, lower FT3 is associated with VFT and LMT adjusted by age, education, BMI, DM duration, HBP duration, smoking, HbA1c and HOMA-IR. Conclusion Lower FT3 levels may involve in MCI, especially for executive function and scene memory in T2DM patients without diagnosed thyroid diseases.

Exosomal miR‐let‐7c‐5p is involved in the cognitive function of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by interleukin 10: A cross‐sectional study

“…21 Thirty-seven patients with MCI satisfied the criteria proposed by the MCI Working Group of the European Consortium on Alzheimer's disease. 22 The subjects for exclusion were the similar with our previous study 23 and specifically described as follows: (a) recent diagnosed acute complications of diabetes; (b) severe low plasma glucose; (c) acute vascular disease of heart and brain; (d) alcohol or drug abuse; (e) diagnosed disease of thyroid (with thyroid dysfunction or abnormal autoimmune antibodies); (f) severe infection or major surgery; (g) visual or hearing dysfunction (cannot finish neuropsychological tests); (h) dementia (severe cognitive decline out of the range of MCI); (i) other diseases that may affect (or potentially influence) cognition; and (j) cognitive function testing and inflammation, like anemia, cancer, and autoimmune disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and so on). Patients were divided into Control group and MCI group based on the absence or presence of MCI, respectively.…”

“…Triglyceride (TG; Roche Group, Basel, Switzerland; detection range: 0.1–10.0 mmol/L), total cholesterol (TC; Roche Group, Basel, Switzerland; detection range: 0.1–20.7 mmol/L), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C; Roche Group, Basel, Switzerland; detection range: 0.08–3.88 mmol/L), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C; Ningbo Ruiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China; detection range: 0.2–11.6 mmol/L) in blood samples were measured at the Center Laboratory of Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou. As part of the multicenter research, neuropsychological tests were conducted in accordance with the same method described previously 23 …”

“…As part of the multicenter research, neuropsychological tests were conducted in accordance with the same method described previously. 23…”

Serum Uric Acid Levels Are Related to Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Especially for Motor Conduction Velocity of Tibial Nerve in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

“…p < 0.05 was defined as statistical significance. The methods (including statistical methods and some other descriptions) are similar with our previous published manuscript [ 31 ].…”

Impaired Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones is Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes [Response to Letter]

“… 8 Moreover, it appears that bone loss and osteoporosis are not established as recognized exclusion criteria in studies of cognitive impairment related to T2D 4 , 5 or in studies examining the association between thyroid function and cognitive function. 6 , 7 …”