Because of excellent physical properties of nanowire-based nano-structures, e.g. small size with large ratio of surfacearea to volume, the applications of these structures are growing rapidly. Nanowires are of great interest for detecting nano-objects with high sensitivity and also have noticeable applications in several industries such as optics [1], nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) [2], biological or gas sensing devices [3], flexible electronics and renewable energy technologies [4], ultrasensitive biological and chemical sensors [5], pH measurements [6], resonators and actuators [7, 8] and multifunctional NEMS. When the electronic and mechanical systems are fabricated at nano-scale size, some new phenomena that originated from the nano-size quantum effects have become more important and the motion of nanowire-based structure is affected by the small-scale quantum electrodynamic interactions such as vacuum fluctuations. The effect of vacuum fluctuation forces is usually modeled through the Casimir attraction which is the dominant phenomenon in sub-micron separations [9]. By integrating a force-sensing micromechanical beam and an electrostatic actuator on a single chip, Zou et al. [10] demonstrated the Casimir effect between two micromachined silicon components on the same substrate. Lombardo et al. [11] numerically evaluate the Casimir interaction energy for configurations involving two perfectly conducting eccentric cylinders and a cylinder in front of a plane. Emig et al. [12] found the exact Casimir force between a plate and a cylinder by assuming an intermediate geometry between parallel plates and the plate-sphere. Tercas et al. [13] considered the mechanical coupling between a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate and a graphene sheet via the vacuum fluctuations Abstract The following research work deals with the size-dependent dynamic instability of suspended nanowires in the presence of Casimir force and surface effects. Specifically, the Casimir-induced instability of nanostructures with circular cross-section and cylinder-plate geometry is studied. Following the Gurtin-Murdoch model and nonlocal elasticity, the governing equation of motion for nanowires is derived. To express the Casimir attraction of cylinder-plate geometry, two approaches, e.g. proximity force approximation (PFA) for small separations and Dirichlet asymptotic approximation for large separations are studied. To overcome the difficulties for solving a nonlinear problem, a step-by-step numerical method is utilized. The effects of nonlocal parameter, surface energy and vacuum fluctuations on the dynamic instability characteristic and adhesion time of nanowires are studied. It is observed that the phase portrait of Casimir-induced nanowires exhibit periodic and homoclinic orbits.