“…The three-dimensional piezoelectric constitutive equations can be expressed as direct piezoelectric equations suggested by Wankhade and Bajoria 30 as where { σ i },{ ɛ i } are represented as stress and strain vectors, [ c ij ] is represented as the compliance matrix coefficients, { E l } is represented as vector of applied electric field, { D m } is represented as the electric displacement and [ e il ] and [ ε lm ] are represented as the piezoelectric coupling coefficient and permittivity, respectively. The indexes i, j = 1, 2, 3, … , 6 and l,m = 1,2,3 represents different directions within the material coordinate system.…”