Free Volume in Molten and Glassy Polymers and Nanocomposites

Dynamics and thermodynamics of polymer glasses

“…In this way information on the linear coefficient of thermal expansion is achieved. Recently, devices that are able to perform a characterization of the volume over a wide range of temperatures and pressures have been developed [49]. Precise determinations of the volume of a specimen are traditionally achieved by capillary dilatometry, which is generally based on the employment of mercury as a dilating liquid [10].…”

Effect of TiO2Formation on the Free Volume Properties of Electrospun PMMA Nanohybrids

“…Several PALS studies on polymers filled with micro- or nanosized rigid fillers, such as silicas, ZnO, clay, or carbon blacks, which are introduced into polymers by directly mixing them, have been published. ,,− In most cases, the o-Ps lifetime τ 3 was not significantly affected by the presence of the different additives, which implies that thermalized Ps atoms do not react with the additives and that the change in free volume caused by the additives is rather small. , On the other hand, for the composites with the functional modification, the o-Ps lifetime decrease was observed with increasing filler concentration . This was ascribed to the special interfacial interactions between the surface of nanoparticles and polymers.…”

Peanut shaped titanium oxide micro-particles achieved by cathode plasma electrolysis and their electrorheological characteristics

“…Since the ER effect was first described by Winslow [5] in 1949, the applications of ER fluids were hindered by problems such as low value of shear yield stress, high leaking current density through the fluids, strong temperature dependence and poor durability, most of which were mainly caused by the particles [3]. Hence, various kinds of micro or nano-materials have been explored as the electrically polarizable particles, including dielectric inorganics [6][7][8][9][10][11], semiconducting polymers [12,13], and polymer-inorganic composites [14][15][16][17][18].…”