Free‐water lake metabolism: addressing noisy time series with a Kalman filter

Batt, Ryan D.; Carpenter, Stephen R.

doi:10.4319/lom.2012.10.20

Cited by 33 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…2) to observed data showed an increasing model error with depth, but with on average 30-50% variability in diel DO explained in the metalimnion. Because the IMA is less sensitive to the physical variability than the BKA (Batt and Carpenter 2012), we feel confident that the observed patterns of metabolism are valid. We actually found that with depth the BKA provided variable rates that poorly correlated with the IMA-based rates, whereas a good correlation between the two methods was observed only in the surface waters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical patterns of metabolism in three contrasting stratified lakes

Obrador

Stæhr

Christensen

2014

Limnology & Oceanography

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Recent advances in open-water measurements suggest significant temporal and spatial variability of gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem production (NEP), and respiration (R) with implications for understanding carbon cycling in lakes. This study applied high-frequency depth profiles in three stratified lakes of different trophic status to investigate (1) the importance of vertical variations in metabolic rates, (2) the effects of changes in the depth of the mixed layer (Z mix ) and the photic zone (Z eu ), and (3) the photoacclimative responses of the aquatic autotrophs to changes in these conditions. Taking account of vertical differences in metabolism improved the reliability of whole-areal NEP estimates during stratification. Whereas the hypolimnion was always heterotrophic, and the epilimnion was mostly autotrophic, the metalimnion had NEP . 0 when Z eu . Z mix . Although most of GPP and R occurred in the epilimnion, between 0% and 20% of GPP and 4% and 37% of R took place in the metalimnion. Areal metabolic estimates based on surface measurements deviated up to 60% for GPP and 80% for R when Z eu . Z mix . The vertical variability in metabolism was driven by available light in both the epi-and metalimnion. Coupling between GPP and R was low in all layers and indicated increasing background R with depth. Light utilization efficiency was significantly higher under low light conditions, indicating photophysiological acclimation of phytoplankton to decreasing light in the metalimnion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent developments in the use of inverse modeling techniques to determine metabolic rates from diel changes in DO Batt and Carpenter 2012) allowed us to evaluate the variability in parameters describing the photophysiological state of the phytoplankton community, including the light utilization efficiency.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vertical patterns of metabolism in three contrasting stratified lakes

Obrador

Stæhr

Christensen

2014

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Sensor measurements are subject to measurement errors related to spatial heterogeneity and other processes (32,36,37). These measurement difficulties affect metabolism estimates (GPP, R, and NEP) because these rates are calculated by fitting models to sensor data, and therefore incorporate uncertainty from both measurement and model errors (21,36). The directly measured variables are subject only to measurement error.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In lakes, estimates of GPP, R, and NEP often exhibit high day-to-day variability (32,33) and are often poorly correlated with potential driver variables (34,35). Sensor measurements are subject to measurement errors related to spatial heterogeneity and other processes (32,36,37). These measurement difficulties affect metabolism estimates (GPP, R, and NEP) because these rates are calculated by fitting models to sensor data, and therefore incorporate uncertainty from both measurement and model errors (21,36).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in ecosystem resilience detected in automated measures of ecosystem metabolism during a whole-lake manipulation

Batt

Carpenter

Cole

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Environmental sensor networks are developing rapidly to assess changes in ecosystems and their services. Some ecosystem changes involve thresholds, and theory suggests that statistical indicators of changing resilience can be detected near thresholds. We examined the capacity of environmental sensors to assess resilience during an experimentally induced transition in a wholelake manipulation. A trophic cascade was induced in a planktivoredominated lake by slowly adding piscivorous bass, whereas a nearby bass-dominated lake remained unmanipulated and served as a reference ecosystem during the 4-y experiment. In both the manipulated and reference lakes, automated sensors were used to measure variables related to ecosystem metabolism (dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll-a concentration) and to estimate gross primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem production. Thresholds were detected in some automated measurements more than a year before the completion of the transition to piscivore dominance. Directly measured variables (dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll-a concentration) related to ecosystem metabolism were better indicators of the approaching threshold than were the estimates of rates (gross primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem production); this difference was likely a result of the larger uncertainties in the derived rate estimates. Thus, relatively simple characteristics of ecosystems that were observed directly by the sensors were superior indicators of changing resilience. Models linked to thresholds in variables that are directly observed by sensor networks may provide unique opportunities for evaluating resilience in complex ecosystems.regime shift | alternative stable states | early warning signals | sonde | high-frequency time series

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“…example, statistical filtering techniques and state-space models can help to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in DO data or allow the simultaneous quantification of observation and process errors, especially when DO measurements are made frequently (Coloso et al 2008;Batt and Carpenter 2012).…”

Section: Does Average Annual Respiration Increase With Doc?-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem respiration: Drivers of daily variability and background respiration in lakes around the globe

Solomon

Bruesewitz²,

Richardson³

et al. 2013

Limnology & Oceanography

214

269

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We assembled data from a global network of automated lake observatories to test hypotheses regarding the drivers of ecosystem metabolism. We estimated daily rates of respiration and gross primary production (GPP) for up to a full year in each lake, via maximum likelihood fits of a free-water metabolism model to continuous highfrequency measurements of dissolved oxygen concentrations. Uncertainties were determined by a bootstrap analysis, allowing lake-days with poorly constrained rate estimates to be down-weighted in subsequent analyses. GPP and respiration varied considerably among lakes and at seasonal and daily timescales. Mean annual GPP and respiration ranged from 0.1 to 5.0 mg O 2 L 21 d 21 and were positively related to total phosphorus but not dissolved organic carbon concentration. Within lakes, significant day-to-day differences in respiration were common despite large uncertainties in estimated rates on some lake-days. Daily variation in GPP explained 5% to 85% of the daily variation in respiration after temperature correction. Respiration was tightly coupled to GPP at a daily scale in oligotrophic and dystrophic lakes, and more weakly coupled in mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes. Background respiration ranged from 0.017 to 2.1 mg O 2 L 21 d 21 and was positively related to indicators of recalcitrant allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter loads, but was not clearly related to an indicator of the quality of allochthonous organic matter inputs.Gross primary production (GPP) and respiration are perhaps the two most fundamental processes in ecosystems. At the cellular or organismal level, they describe biochemical pathways that make organic carbon molecules and energy available to cells. When these cellular processes are integrated across an entire ecosystem, the result-ecosystemlevel GPP, ecosystem respiration, or collectively ecosystem metabolism-describes biogeochemical and trophic processes occurring at the system level.There is substantial interest in understanding the controls on ecosystem metabolism in aquatic (Mulholland et al.

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Free‐water lake metabolism: addressing noisy time series with a Kalman filter

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Vertical patterns of metabolism in three contrasting stratified lakes

Vertical patterns of metabolism in three contrasting stratified lakes

Changes in ecosystem resilience detected in automated measures of ecosystem metabolism during a whole-lake manipulation

Ecosystem respiration: Drivers of daily variability and background respiration in lakes around the globe

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