Freestanding chemiresistive polymer composite ribbons as high‐flux sensors

Abstract

Chemiresistive polymer composite ribbons that function as chemical detectors were produced from solution-cast films of polymers and carbon composites. An array with multiple polymer sensor threads was exposed to dimethyl methyl phosphonate, a nerve agent simulant, and different interferents in the vapor phase. Principal component analysis was used to differentiate between the analytes. The response of the ribbon sensors as a function of the carbon composite and the host polymer source was investigated. The freestanding threads/sensors were mounted into a cell perpendicular to the gas flow to provide little pressure drop and were imbedded into fabrics to provide an example of a small, low-cost, wearable chemical sensor.

Recent advances in flexible sensors for wearable and implantable devices

“…2,[12][13][14] Such remarkable advances have been achieved through various solutions through the use of electrical active matrices on flexible rubberlike substrates to obtain various functions, such as high bendability, 15,16 ultrasensitivity, 7,17 transparency, 1,2,18-21 or wellestablished human-device interfaces. 8,9,22,23 In general, to be able to measure multifunctional mechanical and electrical signals, a number of circuit elements involving organic/inorganic matrix arrays, 3,4,17,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] hybrid composites, [32][33][34][35][36][37][38] graphene, 39,40 and nanowires (NWs) or nanotube assemblies [41][42][43][44] need to be integrated on various flexible substrates. 45 About a decade ago, flexible electronic skins (e-skins) for pressure sensing were first introduced with polymer-based switching matrices for future displays, robots, and prosthetics of mechanical communications [ Figure 1(a)].…”

Smart Polymers in Micro and Nano Sensory Devices

“…(For additional information, please see references [141,144,145,148,150,151,156,160]). [183][184][185] Quartz Crystal Microbalances Piezoelectric [14,114,130,146,[186][187][188][189][190][191][192] Microfluidic devices Optical [27,128,150,[193][194][195]] Electrical [148,190] Modified electrodes Electrochemical [26,99,[152][153][154][155][196][197][198][199][200][201][202] Sensory chips Optical [161,[193][194][195] Table 2. Cont.…”

Implications of Thermal Annealing on the Benzene Vapor Sensing Behavior of PEVA-Graphene Nanocomposite Threads

“…These PNCs typically contain an absorbing, insulating polymer to interact with analyte vapors and conductive dopant. The polymer swells during sorption of chemical vapors from the air, which causes an increase in resistance of the chemiresistor. , The conductive dopant in the PNCs have included gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. , PEVA’s low polarity and poor hydrogen bonding character, as indicated by Hansen solubility parameters (δ dispersion = 19 MPa 1/2 , δ polar = 2 MPa 1/2 , δ H‑bonding ∼ 1 MPa 1/2 ), make it interesting for detecting low-polarity vapors, such as the hydrocarbons found in fuels. PEVA has been demonstrated to have a high affinity for benzene and other nonpolar chemicals when used in chemiresistors ,,, and other sensor platforms …”

“…The polymer swells during sorption of chemical vapors from the air, which causes an increase in resistance of the chemiresistor. , The conductive dopant in the PNCs have included gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. , PEVA’s low polarity and poor hydrogen bonding character, as indicated by Hansen solubility parameters (δ dispersion = 19 MPa 1/2 , δ polar = 2 MPa 1/2 , δ H‑bonding ∼ 1 MPa 1/2 ), make it interesting for detecting low-polarity vapors, such as the hydrocarbons found in fuels. PEVA has been demonstrated to have a high affinity for benzene and other nonpolar chemicals when used in chemiresistors ,,, and other sensor platforms …”

“…18,19 PEVA's low polarity 20 and poor hydrogen bonding character, 21 as indicated by Hansen solubility parameters (δ dispersion = 19 MPa 1/2 , δ polar = 2 MPa 1/2 , δ H-bonding ∼ 1 MPa 1/2 ), make it interesting for detecting low-polarity vapors, such as the hydrocarbons found in fuels. PEVA has been demonstrated to have a high affinity for benzene and other nonpolar chemicals when used in chemiresistors 12,13,15,19 and other sensor platforms. 22 We previously demonstrated 19 the use of graphene in selective chemiresistors, and showed that an order-ofmagnitude less graphene (by mass) could be used to create chemiresistors with similar conductivity, sensitivity, and performance to chemiresistors made with graphitic carbon black or carbon nanotubes.…”