Freeze-thaw-assisted aqueous two-phase system as a green and low-cost option for analytical grade B-phycoerythrin production from unicellular microalgae Porphyridium purpureum

Influence of Critical Parameters on the Extraction of Concentrated C-PE from Thermotolerant Cyanobacteria

“…According to the literature, the most common extraction times range between 15 and 20 min [43][44][45], while the reported speed used was from 2000 to 10,000 rpm. Now, most of those conditions have been adjusted to multiple cycles of freeze-thaw of the biomass, such as those reported by Ji et al [46] However, in this case,…”

“…In the case of extraction time and speed, it is always preferable to obtain the conditions that transmit the least energy to the sample, which can generate significant losses due to the rapid degradation of specific proteins at temperatures above 60 • C. According to the literature, the most common extraction times range between 15 and 20 min [43][44][45], while the reported speed used was from 2000 to 10,000 rpm. Now, most of those conditions have been adjusted to multiple cycles of freeze-thaw of the biomass, such as those reported by Ji et al [46] However, in this case, the biomass was first dehydrated to reduce the cellular moisture as much as possible while improving the extracted content of C-PE [21].…”

Impact of Biomass Drying Process on the Extraction Efficiency of C-Phycoerythrin

“…The samples were removed every 30 min, and their weights were recorded to obtain the moisture ratio and drying rate. The moisture content of cyanobacterial biomass at time t, X t (g water × g dry matter −1 ) can be defined according to Equation (7).…”

“…Over the years, several pre-treatment methods have been designed and tested for the efficient extraction of phycobiliproteins. According to the scientific literature, the most frequently reported pre-treatment methods are freeze–thaw [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], enzymatic treatment [ 7 , 9 , 10 ], and drying of biomass [ 3 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In the case of freeze–thaw, the biomass is first dried with a mild method such as freeze drying or spray drying; then, the biomass is rehydrated using a known volume of cold phosphate buffer or a mixture of green solvents and mixed using a bead-miller, sonicator, or another equipment available.…”

“…In the case of freeze–thaw, the biomass is first dried with a mild method such as freeze drying or spray drying; then, the biomass is rehydrated using a known volume of cold phosphate buffer or a mixture of green solvents and mixed using a bead-miller, sonicator, or another equipment available. After this process, the mixture is frozen (10–24 h) and thawed (several times) until the complete content of phycocyanin is extracted [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”