Freeze–thaw cycles and snow impact at arid permafrost region in Chajnantor Volcano, Atacama, northern Chile

Mena, Gabriela; Yoshikawa, Kenji; Schörghofer, N.; Pastén, Cesar; Ochoa, Felipe; Yoshii, Yuzuru; Doi, Mamoru; Miyata, Takeshi; Takahashi, H.; Casassa, Gino; Sone, Toshio

doi:10.1080/15230430.2021.1878739

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Tropical high mountain permafrost has been reported in Hawaii on Mauna Kea (Woodcock 1974;Yoshikawa 2013;Schorghofer, Leopold, and Yoshikawa 2017), Iztaccíhuatl (Andres et al 2011;Yoshikawa 2017) and Pico de Orizaba (Vizoto 2018) in Mexico, southern Peruvian Andes (Yoshikawa et al 2020), and northern Chile (Mena et al 2021). In addition to Kilimanjaro, other high mountains in Africa include Mt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground thermal regimes and implications for permafrost distribution on Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Yoshikawa

Hardy

Narita

et al. 2021

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Tropical mountain permafrost has a unique thermal regime due to ground surface exposure to strong solar radiation. The intensity of the surface offset resulting from snow cover also strongly affects the absence or presence of permafrost. Latent heat transfer and reflected solar radiation (higher albedo) that occur during the snow-covered season contribute to a positive feedback that cools the ground. Eleven ground temperature monitoring sites were established on the mountain at 2,780 to 5,820 m.a.s.l. The geothermal heat flow is locally high in the caldera of this volcano, as shown by borehole temperature data. Permafrost is located near the only glacier entirely within the caldera (Furtwängler). These threeyear continuous records of ground temperature data encompass years of high and low snow cover. Our results show that the current lower boundary of permafrost is slightly above summit altitude and relict permafrost is present due to the influence of saturated sand on latent heat transfer. Permafrost tends to be lost more rapidly during drought years. The remaining permafrost seems likely to disappear in the future. The presence of permafrost and its thermal resistance depends on the ice content of caldera sand and the duration of snow cover.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground thermal regimes and implications for permafrost distribution on Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Yoshikawa

Hardy

Narita

et al. 2021

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

Self Cite

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“…Furthermore, there are instruments and methods to cheaply and efficiently calibrate sensors. For example, the reliability of sensors used to measure water and snow depth (pressure transducers and ultrasound sensors) can be tested with rule tapes and waterproof temperature sensors can be calibrated via ice baths (Mena et al, 2021). However, the reliability of low-cost water and air quality sensors cannot be easily tested without expensive sensors as benchmarks.…”

Section: Low-cost Sensors Are Not Perfect But Do They Need To Be?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arduino data loggers: A helping hand in physical geography

Anacona

Luján

Azócar

et al. 2022

Geographical Journal

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Microcontrollers such as Arduino have been increasingly used by researchers to create and customise their own tools. In geography, microcontrollers are frequently used to design data loggers for monitoring purposes. We reviewed the use of Arduino in physical geography to unravel the opportunities and challenges of using off‐the‐shelf tools in research. We conducted a literature review, putting the retrieved information in perspective with our experimental work in mountainous and riverine landscapes in Chile and Peru. We show that the low cost and versatility of Do It Yourself (DIY) data loggers open research opportunities, extending the range of application of their expensive commercial counterparts. The possibility of connecting Arduino to a wide range of sensors, actuators, and wireless communication devices has helped to monitor rivers, glaciers, lakes, ice‐waves, caves, and landslides, improving the temporal and spatial resolution of data collected in critical environments. Low‐cost sensors have been extensively compared against expensive alternatives with good results, although they require thorough testing before field deployment due to the common existence of defective equipment. Building research equipment has several challenges. DIY data loggers might not be unconditionally accepted by environmental agencies, partially restricting their use to educational and research purposes. Failures in data loggers can be difficult to track, since they might be related to coding, electronic assemblage, or inadequate housing to withstand outdoor use. Yet, Arduino‐based data loggers have helped scientists around the world in different stages of their career, especially in scarcely funded research endeavours. Arduino has boosted creativity and resourcefulness, paving the way for innovative monitoring strategies in physical geography.

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“…Snow cover has notable seasonal variations, high albedo, emissivity, absorptivity, and low thermal conductivity [18]. Snow cover duration (SCD), accumulation and melting processes, and snow depth and density effectively insulate heat exchanges between the land or ground surface and the atmosphere, and they all strongly affect surface energy budgets and ground hydrological and thermal regimes in permafrost regions [11,[18][19][20][21][22]. Permafrost degradation will modify and alter the periglacial landscapes, differentiating the snow accumulation and snow melting/ablating rates and subsequent snow-water equivalent (SWE) [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Snow Cover on the Thermal Regimes of Xing'an Permafrost in Northeast China in 1960s–2010s

Wang,

Jin,

Che

et al. 2024

Permafrost & Periglacial

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The distributive characteristics of snow cover and their impacting mechanisms on ground thermal regimes in Northeast China remain evasive because of limited systematic studies. In this study, based on long‐term ground‐based observational data and auxiliary topographic data, geographically weighted regression kriging (GWRK) method and the temperature at the top of permafrost (TTOP) model were used to analyze the influences of snow cover duration (SCD) and average snow depth over the SCD (ASDSCD) on the thermal regimes of Xing'an permafrost in Northeast China in the 1960s–2010s. The results show a remarkable reduction of permafrost extent in Northeast China from the 1960s to 2010s, with an average reduction rate of 4.115 × 104 km2/decade. In permafrost regions, from the 1960s to 2010s, average SCD varied between 150 and 160 days, and the regional average of ASDSCD between 8 and 14 cm. Increases in ASDSCD led to a rise of TTOP. From the 1960s to 2010s, the regional average of ASDSCD increased by 3.53 cm, and that of TTOP by 2.02°C. The research results can provide scientific basis and data support for evaluating the responses of permafrost and cold region ecosystems to climate change in Northeast China.

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Freeze–thaw cycles and snow impact at arid permafrost region in Chajnantor Volcano, Atacama, northern Chile

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Ground thermal regimes and implications for permafrost distribution on Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Ground thermal regimes and implications for permafrost distribution on Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Arduino data loggers: A helping hand in physical geography

Influences of Snow Cover on the Thermal Regimes of Xing'an Permafrost in Northeast China in 1960s–2010s

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