Freeze–thaw resistance of sprayed concrete in tunnel linings

Holter, Karl Gunnar; Smeplass, Sverre; Jacobsen, Stefan

doi:10.1617/s11527-015-0705-4

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The influence of the surrounding rock properties on the freezing damage is mainly reflected in the frost heaving of rock masses [31,33], which is also mentioned in the previous statistical data. However, the degree of performance is different in different tunnels, and it is even very inconspicuous in individual tunnels.…”

Section: Secondary Indexsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…On the other hand, when groundwater gathers in the cracks of the surrounding rock, the low-temperature period of the tunnel is prolonged due to the subsequent temperature changes in the external environment [30], such as the lowest temperature of groundwater occurring in March and April. At the same time, the flow of groundwater is accompanied by the migration of corrosive substances, leading to crystalline corrosion and decomposition corrosion, which cause damage to the lining structure, resulting in cracks and tunnel leakage [31,32].…”

Section: Secondary Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, we determined the influence weight of fracture development features [U 21 ], elastic modulus [U 22 ], tensile strength [U 23 ], and hardness [U 24 ] on the properties (frost resistance) [U 2 ] of the surrounding rock of the primary index. Wei et al [31] believed that the hardness of rock can best reflect its frost resistance. Demonstration and research have confirmed that the frost resistance of a rock mass was affected by the fracture development features, elastic modulus, and tensile strength [26,35,[42][43][44].…”

Section: Influence Weight Of Primary Index On Decision Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Freezing Damage to Tunnels in Cold Regions and Weights of Influencing Factors

Shen

Dong

et al. 2022

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concrete materials are widely used in tunnel engineering. In China, the cold regions have gradually become the main area for highway and railway construction. Affected by high altitude, low temperature, turbulent wind, and other conditions, freezing damage, such as tunnel icing, occurs in concrete materials, which seriously affects the quality and operational safety of tunnels in cold regions. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a quantitative analysis of various factors affecting freezing damage to protect concrete materials in tunnels. This paper summarizes various freezing damage phenomena in tunnels in cold regions and divides them into three types: water seepage and hanging ice type freezing damage, lining interface type freezing damage, and tunnel foundation ice accumulation type freezing damage. Based on the qualitative evaluation of each factor, the affiliation of each factor was divided. Then, the influence weight of each factor on freezing damage was obtained through the analytic hierarchy process, and then each factor was ranked. This study is helpful to the selection of anti-freezing measures for tunnels in cold regions.

show abstract

Section: Secondary Indexsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Secondary Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Weight Of Primary Index On Decision Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Freezing Damage to Tunnels in Cold Regions and Weights of Influencing Factors

Shen

Dong

et al. 2022

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to this research, the factors influencing shotcrete in cold-zone tunnels were summarized, and the development direction of shotcrete in cold-zone tunnels was predicted. Holter et al [19], regarding cold zone tunnel linings that are prone to freezing damage, investigated the frost resistance of shotcrete with a water-cement ratio of 0.45-0.47 through experiments and proposed a new functional freeze-thaw cycle test method that could realistically simulate the moisture and freezing gradient conditions in tunnel linings. Kalhori et al [20] studied the effect of nanomaterials on the frost resistance of shotcrete and reported that both nanoclay and nanosilica could improve the frost resistance of shotcrete and that the effect of nanosilica was better than that of nanoclay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Performance of Emulsified Asphalt Shotcrete in High-Altitude Permafrost Regions

Hou,

Niu,

Tian

et al. 2024

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To improve the performance of shotcrete in high-altitude and low-temperature environments, emulsified asphalt shotcrete (EASC), which can be used in negative-temperature environments, was prepared by using low-freezing-point emulsified asphalt, calcium aluminate cement, and sodium pyrophosphate as modified materials. The effect of emulsified asphalt on the performance of shotcrete was investigated through concrete spraying and indoor tests. Then, the modification mechanism of emulsified asphalt with respect to EASC was analyzed by combining scanning electron microscopy images and the pore structure characteristics of EASC. The results showed that in a negative-temperature environment, the incorporation of emulsified asphalt delayed the formation of the peak of the cement hydration exotherm, slowed the rate of the cement hydration exotherm, reduced the thermal perturbation of permafrost by EASC, increased the cohesion of the concrete, improved the bond strength between EASC and permafrost, and reduced the rate of rebound. The mechanical strength of the studied EASC decreased upon increasing the amount of emulsified asphalt in the admixture, and its resistance to cracking gradually improved. A content of less than 5% emulsified asphalt could improve the internal pore structure of EASC, thus improving its durability. Increasing the content of emulsified asphalt affected the hydration process of the cement, and the volume content of the capillary pores and macropores increased, which reduced the durability of the EASC.

show abstract

“…Hu et al [16] performed an investigation into the current status of shotcrete research in cold tunnels, summarized the various factors that influence shotcrete tunnels situated in cold regions, and forecasted the future trends in the development of such tunnels. Holter et al [17], in response to the characteristics of shotcrete in a cold-region tunnel lining that is susceptible to freezing damage, investigated the freezing resistance of shotcrete employing a specific ratio of water to cement of 0.45-0.47 through experiments and put forward a new functional freezethaw cycle test method, which can more realistically simulate the conditions of moisture content and freezing gradients within a tunnel lining. Kalhori et al [18] examined the influence of nanomaterials on the frost resistance properties of shotcrete, revealing that both nanoclay and nanosilica enhance its frost resistance capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Negative-Temperature Cement Emulsified Asphalt Spraying Materials Based on Spraying Performance and Rheological Parameters

Hou,

Niu,

Tian

et al. 2024

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To develop a cement emulsified asphalt composite (CEAC) that can be sprayed under a plateau negative temperature environment, the effects of the water–solid ratio, calcium aluminate cement substitution rate, emulsified asphalt content, sand–binder ratio, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber content on the spraying performance and rheological parameters of CEAC were explored through the controlled variable method. Additionally, the correlation between the spraying performance and rheological parameters of CEAC was established, and the optimal proportion of CEAC was determined. Then, the difference in frost resistance and pore structure between the cement slurry (CS) without emulsified asphalt and CEAC at the optimum proportion was analyzed. The results showed that the optimum proportions for sprayed CEAC were 0.14 water–solid ratio, 0.5 sand–binder ratio, 25% substitution of calcium aluminate cement, 5% emulsified asphalt content, and 1.5% PVA fiber volume mixing. The yield stress and plastic viscosity of CEAC were positively correlated with the build-up thickness, whereas the rebound rate and the latter showed a negative correlation. The spraying performance may be described by the rheological parameters; the ranges of yield stress and plastic viscosity of 2.37–3.95 Pa·s and 77.42–108.58 Pa, respectively, produced the best spray ability. After undergoing an equivalent number of freeze–thaw cycles, CEAC exhibited lower mass and strength loss rates compared to CS, thereby demonstrating superior frost resistance. In addition, the pore structure analysis showed that the difference in capillary and macropore contents was the main reason for the variability in frost resistance between CS and CEAC.

show abstract

Freeze–thaw resistance of sprayed concrete in tunnel linings

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Freezing Damage to Tunnels in Cold Regions and Weights of Influencing Factors

Freezing Damage to Tunnels in Cold Regions and Weights of Influencing Factors

Study of the Performance of Emulsified Asphalt Shotcrete in High-Altitude Permafrost Regions

Development of Negative-Temperature Cement Emulsified Asphalt Spraying Materials Based on Spraying Performance and Rheological Parameters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About