Freezing of a water droplet due to evaporation—heat transfer dominating the evaporation–freezing phenomena and the effect of boiling on freezing characteristics

Satoh, Isao; Fushinobu, Kazuyoshi; Yu, Huan

doi:10.1016/s0140-7007(01)00083-4

Cited by 56 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…But deformation and protrusion formation were also not taken into consideration. Satoh et al [11] did not find protrusion formation in their droplets freezing experiments either. Ismail and Salinas [12] gave a detailed model of frost formation, but no protrusion was mentioned.…”

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confidence: 81%

Deformation of freezing water droplets on a cold copper surface

et al. 2006

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Freezing processes of water and peanut oil droplets on a cold surface are investigated in this paper. We observed during our experiments that the base surface of a water droplet that is in direct contact with the cold surface keeps its original shape, but the other part of the droplet shows an obvious growth along the direction normal to the base surface. One small protrusion appears on the top of the water droplet at the end of the freezing process. The experimental observations also show that no obvious shape change happens during the freezing of peanut oil droplets. It is postulated that the effects of surface tension and volume dilatation resulted from liquid-to-solid phase change cause the shape change and protrusions formation. Based on this postulation, a physical and mathematical model is developed. The results of the model of a water droplet's freezing process correspond with our experimental observations. The observed phenomenon that frost-growth speed on the protrusion is higher than that on the other part of the water droplet is also analyzed.Frost formation is a very common phenomenon in cryogenic, refrigeration, and air conditioning engineering. The temperature of heat exchange units will undergo a gradually decreasing process during their thermal defrosting process. When humid air comes in contact with a cold wall whose temperature is below the dew point of air, vapor contained in the humid air will condensate and deposit on this cold surface in the form of small water droplets. Continuous condensation of vapor and glomeration of the small droplets will produce larger water droplets. Meanwhile, when the temperature of the cold surface is lower than the freezing point of water, the water droplets formed on the cold surface will freeze. Subsequently, frost will deposit on these frozen droplets. Frost deposition on heat transfer surfaces will produce a series of negative effects on heat transfer equipment. For example, heat transfer resistance and pressure loss will increase, resulting in poor heat transfer performance. In addition, the air passage may be blocked and mal-

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confidence: 81%

Deformation of freezing water droplets on a cold copper surface

et al. 2006

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“…On one hand, a drying would be expected to make ice nucleation less likely, because evaporation of water decreases the water activity. On the other hand, it causes evaporative cooling (Shaw and Lamb, 1999;Satoh et al, 2002) resulting in freezing, if temperatures fall below the homogeneous nucleation temperature briefly before the droplet fully evaporates or solutes become too concentrated. However, under atmospheric conditions the temperature difference between a droplet and its surroundings is typically smaller than 1 K (Neiburger and Chien, 1960), rendering this 470 explanation implausible.…”

Section: Atmospheric Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced ice nucleation efficiency of microcline immersed in dilute NH3 and NH4+-containing solutions

Kumar

Marcolli

Luo

et al. 2018

Preprint

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solutes and the microcline surface not captured by the water-activity-based approach. One such interaction is the exchange of K + available on the microcline surface with externally added cations (e.g.NH ). However, the presence of a similar increase in IN efficiency in dilute ammonia solutions indicates that the cation exchange cannot explain the increase in IN temperatures. Instead, we hypothesize that NH3 molecules hydrogen bonded on the microcline surface form an ice-like overlayer, which provides hydrogen bonding favorable for ice to nucleate on, thus enhancing both the freezing temperatures and the heterogeneously frozen 25 fraction in dilute NH3 and NH solutions. Moreover, we show that aging of microcline in concentrated solutions over several days does not impair IN efficiency permanently in case of near neutral solutions since most of it recovers when aged particles are re-suspended in pure water. In contrast, exposure to severe acidity (pH < 1.2) or alkalinity (pH > 11.7) damages the microcline surface, hampering or even destroying the IN efficiency irreversibly. Implications for ice nucleation on airborne dust containing microcline might be multifold, ranging from a reduction of immersion freezing when exposed to dry, cold and NH3/NH -free 30 conditions, to a 5-K enhancement during condensation freezing when microcline particles experience high humidity ( > 0.96) at warm (252 -257 K) and NH3/NH -rich conditions. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

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“…As in this case the sound intensity affects the nucleation process, these results can not be applied to atmospheric conditions. Surface nucleation was observed during freezing of evaporating droplets by Satoh et al [52], and Shaw and Lamb [53], by considering drops of radius 1.5 mm and 12 -45 μm, respectively. In these cases, the surface evaporation is favoured by the lower surface temperature.…”

Section: Reported Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Homogeneous Ice Nucleation Initiate in the Bulk Volume or at the Surface of Super-Cooled Water Droplets? A Review

Santachiara¹,

Belosi²

2014

ACS

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The formation of ice in clouds can occur through primary processes, either homogeneously or heterogeneously triggered by aerosol particles called ice nuclei, as well as through secondary processes. The homogeneous ice nucleation process involves only pure water or solution droplets. Homogeneous freezing is crucial for the microphysics in the formation of high-altitude cirrus and polar stratospheric clouds, and also in the glaciation of thunderclouds, at temperatures below about 235 K. Nucleation rates in supercooled water have been measured using different experimental techniques: expansion cloud chambers, water-in-oil emulsions, levitation methods, free falling droplets, supersonic nozzles, field measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations. An important question concerns the possibility that the nucleation process in supercooled water can occur not only in the interior volume of the droplet, but even at or close to its surface. Even if there is no conclusive evidence, the majority of experimental and theoretical results suggest that the contribution of surface nucleation increases with decreasing radius of the supercooled droplets, and the surface (or sub-surface) nucleation rate is prevalent for droplets with radius lower than about 5 μm. If homogeneous freezing initiates at the droplet surface, the freezing rate should depend on the droplet size, and even a slight contamination by molecules within the surface layer could hamper the rate of the nucleation process.

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Freezing of a water droplet due to evaporation—heat transfer dominating the evaporation–freezing phenomena and the effect of boiling on freezing characteristics

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

Deformation of freezing water droplets on a cold copper surface

Deformation of freezing water droplets on a cold copper surface

Enhanced ice nucleation efficiency of microcline immersed in dilute NH<sub>3</sub> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-containing solutions

Does the Homogeneous Ice Nucleation Initiate in the Bulk Volume or at the Surface of Super-Cooled Water Droplets? A Review

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Freezing of a water droplet due to evaporation—heat transfer dominating the evaporation–freezing phenomena and the effect of boiling on freezing characteristics

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

Deformation of freezing water droplets on a cold copper surface

Deformation of freezing water droplets on a cold copper surface

Enhanced ice nucleation efficiency of microcline immersed in dilute NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-containing solutions

Does the Homogeneous Ice Nucleation Initiate in the Bulk Volume or at the Surface of Super-Cooled Water Droplets? A Review

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Enhanced ice nucleation efficiency of microcline immersed in dilute NH<sub>3</sub> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-containing solutions