Freezing of an unconventional two-dimensional plasma

Herland, Egil V.; Babaev, Egor; Bonderson, Parsa; Gurarie, Victor; Nayak, Chetan; Radzihovsky, Leo; Sudbø, Asle

doi:10.1103/physrevb.87.075117

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…2D melting has been reported in helium 4 thin films, in Bose-Einstein condensates, Wigner crystals, colloids, molecular liquid crystals and unconventional plasmas [267][268][269][270][271][272][273][274][275][276]. The case of 2D vortex lattices is particularly interesting, because it occurs in a macroscopically ordered quantum state and the temperature and vortex density can be varied at will.…”

Section: Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging superconducting vortex cores and lattices with a scanning tunneling microscope

Suderow¹,

Guillamón²,

Rodrigo³

et al. 2014

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

101

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Abstract. The observation of vortices in superconductors was a major breakthrough in developing the conceptual background for superconducting applications. Each vortex carries a flux quantum, and the magnetic field radially decreases from the center. Techniques used to make magnetic field maps, such as magnetic decoration, give vortex lattice images in a variety of systems. However, strong type II superconductors allow penetration of the magnetic field over large distances, of order of the magnetic penetration depth λ. Superconductivity survives up to magnetic fields where, for imaging purposes, there is no magnetic contrast at all. Static and dynamic properties of vortices are largely unknown at such high magnetic fields. Reciprocal space studies using neutron scattering have been employed to obtain insight into the collective behavior. But the microscopic details of vortex arrangements and their motion remain difficult to obtain. Direct real space visualization can be made using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S). Instead of using magnetic contrast, the electronic density of states describes spatial variations of the quasiparticle and pair wavefunction properties. These are of order of the superconducting coherence length ξ, which is much smaller than λ. In principle, individual vortices can be imaged using STM up to the upper critical field where vortex cores, of size ξ, overlap. In this review, we describe recent advances in vortex imaging made with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We introduce the technique and discuss vortex images which reveal the influence of the Fermi surface distribution of the superconducting gap on the internal structure of vortices, the collective behavior of the lattice in different materials and conditions, and the observation of vortex lattice melting. We consider challenging lines of work, which include imaging vortices in nanostructures, multiband and heavy fermion superconductors, single layers and van-der-Waals crystals, studying current driven dynamics and the liquid vortex phases.

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Section: Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging superconducting vortex cores and lattices with a scanning tunneling microscope

Suderow¹,

Guillamón²,

Rodrigo³

et al. 2014

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

101

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“…Note that this problem is related to the problem of unconventional plasma discussed in the context of quantum Hall states. [26][27][28] The many-particle problem (38) can be investigated using different standard techniques such as molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations. In the light of the complicated structure of the single skyrmions, one may expect very rich phases of the vortex matter there.…”

Section: The Case Of Many Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological defects in mixtures of superconducting condensates with different charges

Garaud¹,

Babaev²

2014

Phys. Rev. B

Self Cite

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We investigate the topological defects in phenomenological models describing mixtures of charged condensates with commensurate electric charges. Such situations are expected to appear for example in liquid metallic deuterium. This is modeled by a multicomponent Ginzburg-Landau theory where the condensates are coupled to the same gauge field by different coupling constants whose ratio is a rational number. We also briefly discuss the case where electric charges are incommensurate. Flux quantization and finiteness of the energy per unit length dictate that the different condensates have different winding and thus different number of (fractional) vortices. Competing attractive and repulsive interactions lead to molecule-like bound state between fractional vortices. Such bound states have finite energy and carry integer flux quanta. These can be characterized by CP 1 topological invariant that motivates their denomination as skyrmions.

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“…General considerations imply that many of such non-unitary states could represent critical points between stable phases [38,39], nevertheless it would be desirable to have a precise, microscopic diagnostic that could distinguish between unitary and other types of states. Direct numerical calculations based on exact diagonalization, for example, have been of little use in resolving this matter because small finite droplets of nonunitary states tend to appear "gapped", and extrapolations to infinite systems have been inconclusive (some numerical studies, however, have given hints that the Gaffnian state fails to screen in the quasihole sector [44,45]). Note that unitarity of a CFT is by no means a guarantee of gapfulness of a state: for example, Laughlin wave functions at low filling factors no longer describe gapped liquids but states with charge-densitywave order.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvable models for unitary and nonunitary topological phases

Papić

2014

Phys. Rev. B

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We introduce a broad class of simple models for quantum Hall states based on the expansion of their parent Hamiltonians near the one-dimensional limit of "thin cylinders", i.e., when one dimension Ly of the Hall surface becomes comparable to the magnetic length ℓB. Formally, the models can be viewed as topological generalizations of the 1D Hubbard model with center-of-mass-preserving hopping of multiparticle clusters. In some cases, we show that the models can be exactly solved using elementary techniques, and yield simple wave functions for the ground states as well as the entire neutral excitation spectrum. We study a large class of Abelian and non-Abelian states in this limit, including the Read-Rezayi Z k series, as well as states deriving from non-unitary or irrational conformal field theories -the "Gaffnian", "Haffnian", Haldane-Rezayi, and the "permanent" state. We find that the thin-cylinder limit of unitary (rational) states is "classical": their effective Hamiltonians reduce to only Hartree-type terms, the ground states are trivial insulators, and excitation gaps result from simple electrostatic repulsion. In contrast, for states deriving from non-unitary or irrational conformal field theories, the thin-cylinder limit is found to be intrinsically quantum -it contains hopping terms that play an important role in the structure of the ground states and in the energetics of the low-lying neutral excitations.

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Freezing of an unconventional two-dimensional plasma

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

Imaging superconducting vortex cores and lattices with a scanning tunneling microscope

Imaging superconducting vortex cores and lattices with a scanning tunneling microscope

Topological defects in mixtures of superconducting condensates with different charges

Solvable models for unitary and nonunitary topological phases

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