Freezing Resistance of Winter Annual and Biennial Legumes at Different Developmental Stages

Brandsæter, Lars Olav; Olsmo, Asbjørn; Tronsmo, Anne Marte; Fykse, Haldor

doi:10.2135/cropsci2002.0437

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…However, the time of vetch sowing is important to maximise the DM production and N 2 fixation, as studies in the northern hemisphere have demonstrated a steady decline in DM accumulation with later sowings (Guldan and Martin 2003). Vetch is more tolerant of frosts than many forage legumes (Brandsaeter et al, 2002) and vetch has been more productive than faba beans when subjected to severe water stress at the site of these experiments (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Growing vetches (Vicia villosa Roth) in irrigated cotton systems: inputs of fixed N, N fertiliser savings and cotton productivity

Rochester

Peoples

2005

Plant Soil

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We compared symbiotic N 2 fixation by winter forage legumes (clovers, medics and vetches) using the 15 N natural abundance technique in three experiments. Vetches (Vicia spp.) were the most productive legumes, and woollypod vetch fixed (shoot+root) up to 265 kg N ha )1 (mean 227 kg N ha )1 ) during a 4-5 months period over winter and early spring. Balansa and Berseem clovers, and Gama medic were highly productive in the first experiment, but fixed significantly less N than woollypod vetch in the second experiment.A 6-year study (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003) compared cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) systems with and without vetch, or with faba beans (Vicia faba L.) to assess the effects of these crops on cotton production. Woollypod vetch was grown either between annual cotton crops, or between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cotton crops. Vetch added 230 kg N ha )1 (174 kg fixed N ha )1 ) to the soil when incorporated as a green manure. Faba bean shoot residues and nodulated roots contributed 108 kg fixed N ha )1 to the soil, following the removal of 80 kg N ha )1 in the harvested seed (meaned over three crops). Lablab (Lablab purpureus L. -summer-growing and irrigated) added 277 kg N ha )1 (244 kg fixed N ha )1 ) before incorporation as a green manure in the first year of the experiment.The economic optimum N fertiliser rate for each cropping system was determined every second year when all systems were sown to cotton. Cotton following cotton required 105 kg fertiliser N ha )l , but only 40 kg N ha )l when vetch was grown between each cotton crop. Cotton following wheat required 83 kg fertiliser N ha )l but no N fertiliser was needed when vetch was grown after wheat (the highest yielding system). Cotton following faba beans also required no N fertiliser. The vetch-based systems became more N fertile over the course of the experiment and produced greater lint yields than the comparative non-legume systems, and required less N fertiliser. While no cash flow was derived from growing vetch, economic benefits accrued from enhanced cotton yields, reduced N fertiliser requirements and improved soil fertility. These findings help explain the rotational benefits of vetches observed in other regions of the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Growing vetches (Vicia villosa Roth) in irrigated cotton systems: inputs of fixed N, N fertiliser savings and cotton productivity

Rochester

Peoples

2005

Plant Soil

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“…Certain medics have reseeding ability due to hard seed(10,14) that makes them attractive over other annual forage legumes. Despite these advantages, use of annual medics is limited primarily due to lack of adequate freeze tolerance (2). Muir et al (12) also concluded that barrel medic ( M. truncatula Gaertn.)…”

Section: Potential Of Annual Medicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Medic Forage and Seed Evaluations for the Semiarid Regions of the Great Plains

Butler

Interrante

Malinowski³

et al. 2011

Forage & Grazinglands

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Annual medics (Medicago spp.) may have forage potential in the southern Great Plains. Twenty‐two accessions selected from 1231 total accessions were evaluated for freeze tolerance, forage production, nutritive value, flowering date, seed production, and hard seed percentage. Selected accessions exhibiting these desirable characteristics from Tifton burr medic [M. rigidula (L.) All.], rigid medic (M. rigiduloides E. Small), button medic [M. orbicularis (L.) Bartal], and little burr medic [M. minima (L.) Bartal] were evaluated at Vernon, TX, and Ardmore, OK. Dry matter (DM) yields ranged from 2189 to 3866 lb/acre, and nutritive values were considered high quality for all classes of livestock. Seed yield averaged across years ranged from 291 to 529 lb seed/acre, which should be adequate for self‐regeneration. Percent hard seed ranged from 11 to 75%. Based on DM yield, seed yield, and hard seed percentage, button medics may be best suited to produce adequate forage, regenerate, and persist in the southern Great Plains.

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“…However, in the colder climate of northeast Texas, this was reversed (22), suggesting a greater adaptability of legumes of European origin to grow during cold weather. It has also been shown that annual Trifolium species, such as crimson clover and ball clover, have better frost tolerance than annual medics, and generally yield more than medics during cold conditions (6). The current trial was located less than 100 km from the Gulf of Mexico, where winters are relatively mild.…”

Section: Establishment Year Legume Stand Density Postgrazing Recovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Companion Legumes in Summer-Dormant Tall Fescue Pastures in the Southeastern USA Coastal Plain

Parish

2011

Forage & Grazinglands

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This study compared the productivity and reseeding of various temperate legume species under grazing simulation and identified potential companion legumes for summer‐dormant tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire] in the southeastern USA coastal plain. Legumes were seeded in 1.8 × 5.0‐m plots in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The vetches (Vicia spp.), rose clover (Trifolium hirtum All.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and caley pea (Lathyrushirsutus L.) had the greatest seedling density (P < 0.05) 120 days after establishment. Post‐grazing regrowth was superior (P < 0.05) in the annual clover species as compared to the annual medics (Medicago spp.) and sweet clovers (Melilotus alba Desr.). Only ball clover (Trifolium nigrescens Viv.), crimson clover, ‘AK996’ subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), and ‘Durana’ white clover (Trifolium repens L.) had stands greater than 50% in the second year. Tall fescue yield was greatest (P < 0.05) when interseeded with white clover in the second year. Annual medics, sweet clovers, and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were poorly adapted to this environment. Ball, crimson, rose, and arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) were the most productive and persistent legumes in this study.

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Freezing Resistance of Winter Annual and Biennial Legumes at Different Developmental Stages

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Growing vetches (Vicia villosa Roth) in irrigated cotton systems: inputs of fixed N, N fertiliser savings and cotton productivity

Growing vetches (Vicia villosa Roth) in irrigated cotton systems: inputs of fixed N, N fertiliser savings and cotton productivity

Annual Medic Forage and Seed Evaluations for the Semiarid Regions of the Great Plains

Using Companion Legumes in Summer-Dormant Tall Fescue Pastures in the Southeastern USA Coastal Plain

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