French vineyards provide information that opens ways for effective resistance management of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> (grey mould)

Walker, Anne Sophie; Micoud, Annie; Remuson, Florent; Grosman, Jacques; Gredt, Michel; Leroux, Pierre

doi:10.1002/ps.3506

Cited by 95 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our results showed that H272R was the predominant mutation associated with the randomly selected Bos R B. cinerea isolates; 60% (n=18) possessed the H272R substitution and 40% (n=12) possessed the H272Y substitution, in agreement with previous studies conducted on grapevines where sdhB H272Y and sdhB H272R were the most frequent mutations in B. cinerea populations treated with boscalid (Esterio, 2014;Veloukas et al, 2011;Yin et al, 2011). In Champagne vineyards (Walker et al 2013), due to the availability of other classes of botryticides and the limited use of SDHIs, boscalid resistance frequency has not become widespread, and the emergence of the moderately resistant mutants sdhB H272Y and sdhB H272R has been favored over more resistant mutants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Frequency of fungicide-resistant Botrytis cinerea populations isolated from ‘Thompson Seedless’ table grapes in the Central Valley of Chile

Grez¹,

Copier²,

Román³

et al. 2017

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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were sensitive to all fungicides tested; from north to south, the frequency of sensitive isolates in the regions of Valparaiso, Metropolitana and O'Higgins ranged from 48.15% to 21.1% and 5.88%, respectively. Four hundred and twenty isolates (79%) showed resistance to single or multiple fungicides, 134 (25.4%) were simultaneously resistant to azoxystrobin and pyrimethanil. No fludioxonil-resistant isolates were found, indicating that fludioxonil has great potential for gray mold control in table grapes in Chile. From sixty randomly selected B. cinerea isolates, only the azoxystrobin-resistant isolates carried the G143A point mutation; according to the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene structure, the third intron Bcbi-143/144 was only detected in the azoxystrobin-sensitive isolates. The H272R and H272Y point mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (sdhB) gene were associated only with the boscalid-resistant isolates. The F412S and F412V point mutations were found in the sequenced erg27 gene of randomly selected fenhexamid-resistant isolates. These results contribute to the knowledge of B. cinerea fungicide resistance for table grape vine crops in Central Chile, particularly for the development of multiple-resistance and the associated resistance mechanisms of azoxystrobin, boscalid and fenhexamid-resistant isolate populations. Antiresistance strategies are discussed in a general manner.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Frequency of fungicide-resistant Botrytis cinerea populations isolated from ‘Thompson Seedless’ table grapes in the Central Valley of Chile

Grez¹,

Copier²,

Román³

et al. 2017

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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“…However, BenR2 quickly disappeared when other modes of action replaced the mixture partners. Clearly the second β-tubulin mutation (Phe200Tyr) causing diethofencarb resistance carried a fitness penalty not matched by the adjacent Glu198Ala mutation causing carbendazim resistance (Walker et al 2013). In contrast, the stability of QoI resistance (Gly143Ala) in grape powdery mildew populations (Erysiphe necator = Uncinula necator) was possibly enhanced after withdrawal of QoIs for several years, the presence of DMI resistance was caused by a mutation in the cyp51 gene (Tyr136Phe) (Rallos et al 2014).…”

Section: Managing Resistance In Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungicide resistance: facing the challenge - a review

Hollomon¹

2015

Plant Prot. Sci.

135

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Hollomon D.W. (2015): Fungicide resistance: facing the challenge. Plant Protect. Sci., Fungicide resistance continues to generate disease control problems in many crops. Experience amassed over the past fifty years has emphasised the importance of diversity in modes of action in anti-resistance strategies. Because of losses, not only from resistance, but increasingly from environmental and health concerns, the number of modes of action has become dangerously small. This paper considers three challenges facing crop protection in the search for durable disease control systems. Greater understanding of the biochemistry surrounding fungal development and pathogenicity provides opportunities for the discovery and development of novel modes of action, and some recent advances in this area are discussed. To ensure sufficient resources available to take a novel discovery forward to a commercial product, a second challenge facing manufacturers involves early assessment of resistance risk. A third challenge facing researchers, manufacturers and growers requires translation of resistance risk into effective and durable disease control strategies in actual crops. At the core of this challenge is using resistance risk evidence obtained in laboratory and glasshouse studies using individual isolates of target pathogens, to evaluate the fitness cost of resistance in pathogen populations in field crops. Increasingly, management of resistance is seen as the integration of fungicides with non-chemical disease control methods. But success of any Integrated Disease Management (IDM) strategy ultimately depends on the ability of growers to maintain production and profitability.

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“…Population genetic studies have provided evidence of the existence of genetic clusters within B. cinerea populations from different host plants with a reduced but still existing genetic exchange (14,15). In German strawberry fields, a variant of B. cinerea, called Botrytis group S (subsequently referred to as B. cinerea S), showed significant divergence from previously described B. cinerea strains (in the following called B. cinerea N, for normal genotype) in several genes (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Botrytis pseudocinerea Is a Significant Pathogen of Several Crop Plants but Susceptible to Displacement by Fungicide-Resistant B. cinerea Strains

Plesken

Weber

Rupp

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cBotrytis cinerea is one of the most important pathogens worldwide, causing gray mold on a large variety of crops. Botrytis pseudocinerea has been found previously to occur together with B. cinerea in low abundance in vineyards and strawberry fields. Here, we report B. pseudocinerea to be common and sometimes dominant over B. cinerea on several fruit and vegetable crops in Germany. On apples with calyx end rot and on oilseed rape, it was the major gray mold species. Abundance of B. pseudocinerea was often negatively correlated with fungicide treatments. On cultivated strawberries, it was frequently found in spring but was largely displaced by B. cinerea following fungicide applications. Whereas B. cinerea strains with multiple-fungicide resistance were common in these fields, B. pseudocinerea almost never developed resistance to any fungicide even though resistance mutations occurred at similar frequencies in both species under laboratory conditions. The absence of resistance to quinone outside inhibitors in B. pseudocinerea was correlated with an intron in cytB preventing the major G143A resistance mutation. Our work indicates that B. pseudocinerea has a wide host range similar to that of B. cinerea and that it can become an important gray mold pathogen on cultivated plants. Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. is one of the most important plant pathogens worldwide, causing gray mold rot on far more than 200 plant species, including cultivated fruits, vegetables, and ornamental flowers. In addition to its wide host range, typical features of B. cinerea are a necrotrophic, macerating mode of infection, abundant production of asexual macroconidia on the surface of colonized host tissue, and formation of melanized sclerotia for long-term survival and sexual reproduction. Control of gray mold often relies on the use of fungicides although the efficacy of such treatments is threatened worldwide by the abundance of fungicide-resistant B. cinerea field strains (1). Based on gene sequence comparisons, the genus Botrytis has been divided into two phylogenetically separate clades (2). Clade 1 includes B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea as well as the host-specific species B. fabae, B. calthae, and B. sinoviticola; all of these infect only dicot plants. Clade 2 is phylogenetically more diverse and currently comprises 23 host-specific Botrytis species that infect predominantly monocots (2-4).B. cinerea shows considerable variability in mycelial growth phenotype, conidiation, and sclerotium formation. Numerous studies have also documented a high degree of genetic variability within the species. Based on the analysis of PCR-restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns, fungicide resistance, and the detection of transposable elements, Giraud et al. provided evidence of the existence of genetically distinct groups within B. cinerea (5, 6). In particular, the presence or absence of the long terminal repeat retrotransposon Boty (7) and of the DNA transposon Flipper (8) was used to divide isolates into different transposon types, e...

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French vineyards provide information that opens ways for effective resistance management of Botrytis cinerea (grey mould)

Cited by 95 publications

References 36 publications

Frequency of fungicide-resistant Botrytis cinerea populations isolated from ‘Thompson Seedless’ table grapes in the Central Valley of Chile

Frequency of fungicide-resistant Botrytis cinerea populations isolated from ‘Thompson Seedless’ table grapes in the Central Valley of Chile

Fungicide resistance: facing the challenge - a review

Botrytis pseudocinerea Is a Significant Pathogen of Several Crop Plants but Susceptible to Displacement by Fungicide-Resistant B. cinerea Strains

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