Frequencies, bandwidths and magnitudes of vocal tract and surrounding tissue resonances, measured through the lips during phonation

Hanna, Noël; Smith, John R. Lindsay; Wolfe, Joe

doi:10.1121/1.4948754

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In both cases, subjects were instructed to keep their tongue low in the mouth and produce a neutral vowel as in the Australian English pronunciation of "heard." The acoustic response of this shape approximates that of a cylindrical pipe, closed at the glottis end and open at the mouth end (Hanna et al, 2016b). FIG.…”

Section: Resonance-free Pitch Glide With Resistive Loadmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Inspection of the pitch glides performed by the panel of subjects on the vowels in "who 'd," "hard, showed no significant correlation between the frequencies where pitch instabilities occurred and the measured values of f Sg1 or F1. Even if the measured bandwidths of R1 or Sg1 (both around 75 Hz in women-see Hanna, 2014;Hanna et al, 2016b) are considered, no significant correlation is apparent. One explanation for this was the likely use of at least some degree of resonance tuning, i.e., subjects can smoothly increase f R1 to keep f R1 above or around f o .…”

Section: E Constrained Pitch Glides With Mouth Ringmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Figure 3(a) shows a vocal tract radius profile taken from an MRI study of a man phonating with a mouth ring of the same dimensions in place (pale) (Hanna et al, 2016a), and with a simulated neutral lip position (dark). Figure 3(b) uses the empirically derived non-rigid lossy parameters of the vocal tract model from Hanna et al (2012Hanna et al ( , 2016b to calculate impedance curves downstream from the glottis for those two vocal tract configurations, and additionally, for when the mouth ring is replaced with the 197 m infinite pipe of the same diameter (behaving as a rigid pipe with standard values of visco-thermal losses). This shows that the mouth ring increases the frequency of the resonances slightly, whereas the infinite pipe substantially reduces the magnitude of the impedance of the resonances, such that the first resonance is effectively removed.…”

Section: Constrained Pitch Glide With Mouth Ringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of vocal tract and subglottal resonances in producing vocal instabilities

Wade

Hanna

Smith

et al. 2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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During speech and singing, the vibrating vocal folds are acoustically loaded by resonant ducts upstream (the trachea) and downstream (the vocal tract). Some models suggest that the vocal fold vibration (at frequency f) is more stable at frequencies below that of a vocal tract resonance, so that the downstream load is inertive (mass-like). If so, vocal fold vibration might become unstable when f and resonance frequencies "cross over" and the load varies rapidly in phase and magnitude. In one experiment, singers produced a slow diphthong at constant pitch, thus shifting the first tract resonance R1 across fixed f. In another, pitch glides took f across the tract and subglottal resonances. Few instabilities occurred when singers could change lip geometry and thus alter R1. This suggests that avoiding resonance crossings can aid vibrational stability. In experiments in which R1 was constrained using a mouth ring, instabilities occurred at frequencies above R1. When subjects sang into an acoustically infinite pipe, which provided a purely resistive load at the lips, R1 was eliminated. Here, instabilities were reduced and concentrated near the lower limit of the head voice.

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Section: Resonance-free Pitch Glide With Resistive Loadmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: E Constrained Pitch Glides With Mouth Ringmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Constrained Pitch Glide With Mouth Ringmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of vocal tract and subglottal resonances in producing vocal instabilities

Wade

Hanna

Smith

et al. 2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…Hanna and al. proposed instead to increase this correction by a factor 5 [28]: we found that this change makes the transition to be close to u = 0. The estimation of acoustic radiation with aperture radius is an approximation, in particular it does not take into account inner reflexions [32].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 86%

“…air density and the speed of sound. To account for other surface losses in the waveguide, k was substituted with k = ω/c − jα, a ¼ 1:2e À 5 ffi ffi ffi ffi o p =0:01 as in Ref [28]. The waveguide length was similar to the length of the vocal tract (in average 16.5 cm).…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-grained statistical structure of speech

Deloche

2020

PLoS ONE

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In spite of its acoustic diversity, the speech signal presents statistical regularities that can be exploited by biological or artificial systems for efficient coding. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) revealed that on small time scales (* 10 ms), the overall structure of speech is well captured by a time-frequency representation whose frequency selectivity follows the same power law in the high frequency range 1-8 kHz as cochlear frequency selectivity in mammals. Variations in the power-law exponent, i.e. different time-frequency trade-offs, have been shown to provide additional adaptation to phonetic categories. Here, we adopt a parametric approach to investigate the variations of the exponent at a finer level of speech. The estimation procedure is based on a measure that reflects the sparsity of decompositions in a set of Gabor dictionaries whose atoms are Gaussian-modulated sinusoids. We examine the variations of the exponent associated with the best decomposition, first at the level of phonemes, then at an intra-phonemic level. We show that this analysis offers a rich interpretation of the fine-grained statistical structure of speech, and that the exponent values can be related to key acoustic properties. Two main results are: i) for plosives, the exponent is lowered by the release bursts, concealing higher values during the opening phases; ii) for vowels, the exponent is bound to formant bandwidths and decreases with the degree of acoustic radiation at the lips. This work further suggests that an efficient coding strategy is to reduce frequency selectivity with sound intensity level, congruent with the nonlinear behavior of cochlear filtering.

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