Frequency and correlates of posttraumatic-stress-disorder-like symptoms after treatment for breast cancer.

Cordova, Matthew J.; Andrykowski, Michael A.; Kenady, Daniel E.; McGrath, Patrick C.; Sloan, David A.; Redd, William H.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.6.981

Cited by 414 publications

(327 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Consistent with previous research, the word "event" in the original measure was replaced with "cancer diagnosis and treatment" (e.g., Butler et al, 1999;Cordova et al, 1995). Examples of questions include the following: "I had trouble falling or staying asleep because pictures or thoughts about cancer or having cancer treatment came into my mind" and "I felt as if my cancer diagnosis/treatments hadn't happened or they were not real."…”

Section: Measures Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Stress, Perceived Global Stress, and Life Events: Prospectively Predicting Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients.

Golden-Kreutz

Thornton²,

Gregorio³

et al. 2005

Health Psychology

176

155

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The authors investigated the relationship between stress at initial cancer diagnosis and treatment and subsequent quality of life (QoL). Women (n = 112) randomized to the assessment-only arm of a clinical trial were initially assessed after breast cancer diagnosis and surgery and then reassessed at 4 months (during adjuvant treatment) and 12 months (postadjuvant treatment). There were 3 types of stress measured: number of stressful life events (K. A. Matthews et al., 1997), cancer-related traumatic stress symptoms (M. J. Horowitz, N. Wilner, & W. Alvarez, 1979), and perceived global stress (S. Cohen, T. Kamarck, & R. Mermelstein, 1983). Using hierarchical multiple regressions, the authors found that stress predicted both psychological and physical QoL (J. E. Ware, K. K. Snow, & M. Kosinski, 2000) at the follow-ups (all ps < .03). These findings substantiate the relationship between initial stress and later QoL and underscore the need for timely psychological intervention. Keywords stress; quality of life; breast cancerThe impact of a breast cancer diagnosis and its treatment on quality of life (QoL) is well documented (e.g., Ganz et al., 1996;Holzner et al., 2001). Shapiro et al. (2001), in their review of the relationship between QoL and psychosocial variables in breast cancer patients, noted that "the biomedical model of disease, though crucial, does not take into account all of the complex factors involved in cancer … a broader, more integrative framework, which includes psychosocial factors, is needed" (p. 502). The biobehavioral model of cancer stress and disease course offers such a framework (see Andersen, Kiecolt-Glaser, & Glaser, 1994, for a complete discussion). In this conceptual model, cancer diagnosis and cancer treatments are defined as objective, negative events. Although negative events do not always produce stress, data from many studies document severe acute stress at cancer diagnosis and treatment (e.g., Andersen, Anderson, & deProsse, 1989;Epping-Jordan et al., 1999;Maunsell, Brisson, & Deschenes, 1992). Even when stress declines from the peak at diagnosis (Edgar, Rosberger, & Nowlis, 1992), many QoL difficulties remain and new ones may arise during treatment and/or recovery (e.g., psychological distress; relationship, social, and occupational disruption; loss of physical stamina and fatigue; financial problems; Bleiker, Pouwer, van der Ploeg, Leer, & Ader, 2000;Ganz et al., 1996;Holzner et al., 2001). The biobehavioral model postulates that higher initial stress levels (i.e., stress at the time of cancer diagnosis and treatment) can, over time, contribute to lower QoL for cancer patients.To examine the hypothesized longitudinal relationship between stress and QoL, we used stress at initial diagnosis and surgical treatment as a predictor of QoL outcomes as patients received additional difficult treatments (i.e., chemotherapy, radiation) and as they recovered (i.e., when treatments ended and medical follow-up began). As the biobehavioral model does not specify or define stress per se, ...

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Section: Measures Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Stress, Perceived Global Stress, and Life Events: Prospectively Predicting Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients.

Golden-Kreutz

Thornton²,

Gregorio³

et al. 2005

Health Psychology

176

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar to previous studies of cancer stress (Baider & De-Nour, 1997;Butler, Koopman, Classen, & Spiegel, 1999;Cordova et al, 1995), items were slightly reworded to ensure respondents focused on cancer-related thoughts and behaviors. Total scores can range from 0 to 65, with higher scores reflecting greater cancer-related stress.…”

Section: Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies used in coping with a cancer diagnosis predict meaning in life for survivors.

Jim¹,

Richardson²,

Golden-Kreutz³

et al. 2006

Health Psychology

142

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The search for meaning in life is part of the human experience. A negative life event may threaten perceptions about meaning in life, such as the benevolence of the world and one's sense of harmony and peace. The authors examined the longitudinal relationship between women's coping with a diagnosis of breast cancer and their self-reported meaning in life 2 years later. Multiple regression analyses revealed that positive strategies for coping predicted significant variance in the sense of meaning in life-feelings of inner peace, satisfaction with one's current life and the future, and spirituality and faith-and the absence of such strategies predicted reports of loss of meaning and confusion (ps < .01). The importance and process of finding meaning in the context of a life stressor are discussed. Keywordscoping; meaning in life; survivor; breast cancer Human beings are motivated to find meaning in their lives (Frankl, 1959(Frankl, /1963. At no time is this more evident than in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Events that pose physical harm or death can shatter one's schemas of a just, purposeful world and an invulnerable self (JanoffBulman, 1989). A cancer diagnosis is one such event (e.g., Alter et al., 1996;Cordova et al., 1995). The diagnosis brings acute emotional distress (Andersen, Anderson, & deProsse, 1989;Epping-Jordan et al., 1999;Maunsell, Brisson, & Deschenes, 1992), and individuals struggle with questions about why the disease struck them, its significance for their future, and the changes that may follow. If patients can somehow answer these questions or address these issues, improved adjustment may follow. Several cross-sectional studies show that patients who report more meaning in their life in the wake of their cancer diagnosis also report less distress (Lewis, 1989; Vickberg, Bovbjerg, Du-Hamel, Currie, & Redd, 2000;Vickberg et al., 2001), though the causal ordering in the relationship is not clear.In the past, the varied conceptualizations of meaning in life-from one's attitude in the face of suffering (Frankl, 1959(Frankl, /1963) to a life story with oneself as the protagonist (Thompson & Janigian, 1988)-have made systematic study of meaning difficult. Theorists have suggested that meaning in life may be a multidimensional construct. One dimension may be satisfaction with "the network of people or things that comprise the immediate world" (Weisman & Worden, 1976, p. 3). For example, Frankl (1959/1963 suggested that meaning in life comes from interactions with the immediate world, the encounters and experiences one takes from the world, and the contributions one makes in return. A second dimension of meaning in life (Garfield, 1973;Hutzell, 1986;Reker & Wong, 1988). Feelings of harmony and integration with life may be important to this dimension (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982). A third dimension may be the belief that life, and human life in particular, fits into an overall pattern that exists superior to the individual (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982;Yalom, 1980). This may encompass reli...

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“…This is similar to breast cancer survivors' experience before the mammogram checkup. 7 Because of the likelihood of disease progression or recurrence, the emotional response to uncertainty, such as anxiety and depression, may be worsened when patients who have symptoms are waiting for MRI results or if they are undergoing clinical followup without imaging examination during treatment. Patients may feel uncertain about how to manage symptoms and may worry about the duration of symptoms and their relation to the progression of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty, mood states, and symptom distress in patients with primary brain tumors

Lin

Chiang

Acquaye

et al. 2013

Cancer

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BACKGROUND:Patients with primary brain tumors (PBTs) face uncertainty related to prognosis, symptoms, treatment response, and toxicity. The authors of this report examined the direct/indirect relations among patients' uncertainty, mood states, and symptoms. METHODS: In total, 186 patients with PBTs were accrued at various points in the illness trajectory. Data-collection tools included an investigator-completed clinician checklist, a patient-completed demographic data sheet, the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Brain Tumor Form (MUIS-BT), the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Brain Tumor Module (MDASI-BT), and the Profile of Mood States-Short Form (POMS-SF). Structural equation modeling was used to explore correlations among variables. RESULTS: Participants were primarily white (80%) men (53%) with a variety of brain tumors. They ranged in age from 19 to 80 years (mean 6 standard deviation, 44.2 6 12.6 years). Lower functional status and earlier point in the illness trajectory were associated with greater uncertainty (P <.01 for both). Uncertainty (P <.05), except in the model of "confusion," and the 5 negative mood states measured by the POMS-SF were directly associated with symptom severity perceived by patients (P <.01 for all). The impact of uncertainty on perceived symptom severity also was mediated significantly by mood states. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the study clearly demonstrated distinct pathways for the relations between uncertainty-mood states-symptom severity for patients with PBTs. Uncertainty in patients with PBTs is higher for those who have a poor performance status and directly impacts negative mood states, which mediate patient-perceived symptom severity. This conceptual model suggests that interventions designed to reduce uncertainty or that target mood states may help lessen patients' perception of symptom severity, which, in turn, may result in better treatment outcomes and quality of life. Cancer 2013;119:2796-806.

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Frequency and correlates of posttraumatic-stress-disorder-like symptoms after treatment for breast cancer.

Cited by 414 publications

References 20 publications

Traumatic Stress, Perceived Global Stress, and Life Events: Prospectively Predicting Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients.

Traumatic Stress, Perceived Global Stress, and Life Events: Prospectively Predicting Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients.

Strategies used in coping with a cancer diagnosis predict meaning in life for survivors.

Uncertainty, mood states, and symptom distress in patients with primary brain tumors

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