Frequency and developmental timing of linear enamel hypoplasia defects in Early Archaic Texan hunter-gatherers

Abstract

Digital photographs taken under controlled conditions were used to examine the incidence of linear enamel hypoplasia defects (LEHs) in burials from the Buckeye Knoll archaeological site (41VT98 Victoria county, Texas), which spans the Early to Late Archaic Period (ca. 2,500–6,500 BP uncorrected radiocarbon). The majority (68 of 74 burials) date to the Texas Early Archaic, including one extremely early burial dated to 8,500 BP. The photogrammetric data collection method also results in an archive for Buckeye Knoll, a significant rare Archaic period collection that has been repatriated and reinterred. We analyzed the incidence and developmental timing of LEHs in permanent canines. Fifty-nine percent of permanent canines (n = 54) had at least one defect. There were no significant differences in LEH frequency between the maxillary and mandibular canines (U = 640.5, n1 = 37, n2 = 43, p = .110). The sample studied (n = 92 permanent canines) had an overall mean of 0.93 LEH defect per tooth, with a median of one defect, and a mode of zero defects. Average age at first insult was 3.92 (median = 4.00, range = 2.5–5.4) and the mean age of all insults per individual was 4.18 years old (range = 2.5–5.67). Age at first insult is consistent with onset of weaning stress—the weaning age range for hunter-gatherer societies is 1–4.5. Having an earlier age of first insult was associated with having more LEHs (n = 54, rho = −0.381, p = 0.005).

New distance‐based exponential regression method and equations for estimating the chronology of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) defects on the anterior dentition

“…Even so, while the developmental growth data published by Reid and Dean (, ) are increasingly being utilized in studies to estimate the chronology of LEH defects (e.g., Berbesque & Hoover, ; Cares Henriquez & Oxenham, ; Gamble, Boldsen, & Hoppa, ; Miszkiewicz, ; Novak et al, ; Smith, Kurtenbach, & Vermaat, ; Temple, Nakatsukasa, & McGroarty, ; Tomczyk, Tomczyk‐Gruca, & Zalewska, ; Trinkaus, Mednikova, & Dobrovolskaya, ), others continue to use the linear distance‐based regression method (e.g., Krenz‐Niedbala, ; Krenz‐Niedbała & Kozłowski, ; Smith et al, ), or other iterations constructed from the original standards (e.g., D'Anastasio et al, ; Gawlikowska‐Sroka, Dabrowski, Szczurowski, Dzieciolowska‐Baran, & Staniowski, ).…”

Early Holocene morphological variation in hunter-gatherer hands and feet

“…The population exhibited predominantly good health and included individuals of extremely advanced age (50+) for hunter-gatherer groups which reflects local resource abundance (Klingle 2006) and medical practices (Adovasio et al 2009;Hamlin 2001;Smith 2003;Tuross et al 1994;Wentz 2006). Common to hunter-gatherer populations, adults of both sexes exhibited a high incidence of osteoarthritis (Smith 2008), frequent enamel defects (Berbesque & Doran 2008;Berbesque & Hoover 2018), and skeletal trauma (Smith 2003). Overall, female health was worse than male health (Wentz 2006;Wentz et al 2006).…”

The frequency of enamel hypoplasia in groups from contrasting climatic-geographical zones

“…Êàê ïðàâèëî, ýìàëåâàÿ ãèïîïëàçèÿ îòðàaeàåò ïîñëåäñòâèÿ ñòðåññîâ çíà÷èòåëüíûõ ïî ñèëå è ïðîäîëaeèòåëüíîñòè, êîòîðûå ïðîèñõîäÿò íà ðàííèõ ýòàïàõ ïîñòíàòàëüíîãî îíòîãåíåçà ÷åëîâåêà. Ïðè÷èíîé ýìàëåâîé ãèïîïëàçèè ìîãóò áûòü ðàç-ëè÷íûå íåãàòèâíûå ôàêòîðû, íàïðèìåð, íèçêîå êà÷åñòâî ïèòüåâîé âîäû, ïðèâîäÿùåå ê èíôåêöèÿì [Ïðîíÿåâà, Êîñûðåâà, 2010]; ãëèñòíûå èíâàçèè [Berbesque, Hoover, 2018], îáùèå îòðàâëåíèÿ øèðîêîãî ñïåêòðà ïðè÷èí [Õóäàâåðäÿí, 2014;Anjun et al, 2012;Bossu et al, 2007;Vishwas, 2012], áîëåçíè ïî÷åê, ðàçëè÷íûå çàáîëåâàíèÿ aeåëóäî÷íî-êèøå÷íîãî òðàêòà âî âðåìÿ áåðåìåííîñòè ìàòåðè [Ïðîíÿåâà, Êîñûðåâà, 2010].…”

“…Ïî ìíåíèþ èññëåäîâàòåëåé, ýìàëåâàÿ ãèïîïëàçèÿ íà ïåðåäíèõ çóáàõ ïîñòîÿííîé ôîðìàöèè óêàçûâàåò íà âîçìîaeíûå ïåðèîäû ñòðåññà â âîçðàñòå îò 1 ãîäà äî 6 ëåò, à íà êîðåííûõ çóáàõ -â èíòåðâàëå îò 1 ãîäà äî 3 ëåò, ïåðèîäà ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ êîðîíêè â òåëå ÷åëþñòè. Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ÷àñòîòà âñòðå÷àåìîñòè ðàííèõ ñòðåññîâ, óëàâëèâàåìûõ ïî ïîÿâëåíèþ ÝÃ, ïðîèñõîäèò â 2-4 ãîäà [Coruccinni et al, 1985;Scott, Turner, 1988;Berbesque, Hoover, 2018]. Ïî äàííûì íåêîòîðûõ èññëåäîâàòåëåé íàìå÷àåòñÿ «áèìîäàëüíîñòü» ïèêîâ ïîÿâëåíèÿ ÝÃ.…”