Frequency and expression of ALS and HWP1 genotypes in Candida albicans strains isolated from Mexican patients suffering from vaginal candidosis

Monroy-Pérez, Eric; Sainz‐Espuñes, Teresita; Paniagua-Contreras, Gloria Luz; Negrete-Abascal, Erasmo; Rodríguez-Moctezuma, José Raymundo; Vaca, Sergio

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02188.x

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…C. albicans strains were identified by the API 20 C Aux test (bioMerieux, Durham, NC, USA), germ tube test [11], and PCR amplification of ITS1 and ITS2 rRNA loci (the primers are shown in Table 1) [14]. The DNA of the strains was extracted by boiling, as described by Paniagua-Contreras et al [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Virulence and Antifungal Resistance in Clinical Strains ofCandida albicans

Monroy-Pérez

Paniagua-Contreras

Rodríguez-Purata

et al. 2016

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Antifungal resistance and virulence properties of Candida albicans are a growing health problem worldwide. To study the expression of virulence and azole resistance genes in 39 clinical strains of C. albicans, we used a model of infection of human vaginal epithelial cells with C. albicans strains isolated from Mexican women with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The strains were identified by PCR amplification of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rRNA. The detection and expression of virulence genes and azole resistance genes MDR1 and CDR1 were performed using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. All strains were sensitive to nystatin and 38 (97.4%) and 37 (94.9%) were resistant to ketoconazole and fluconazole, respectively. ALS1, SAP4–SAP6, LIP1, LIP2, LIP4, LIP6, LIP7, LIP9, LIP10, and PLB1-PLB2 were present in all strains; SAP1 was identified in 37 (94.8%) isolates, HWP1 in 35 (89.7%), ALS3 in 14 (35.8%), and CDR1 in 26 (66.6%). In nearly all of the strains, ALS1, HWP1, SAP4–SAP6, LIP1–LIP10, PLB1, and PLB2 were expressed, whereas CDR1 was expressed in 20 (51.3%) and ALS3 in 14 (35.8%). In our in vitro model of infection with C. albicans, the clinical strains showed different expression profiles of virulence genes in association with the azole resistance gene CDR1. The results indicate that the strains that infect Mexican patients suffering from VVC are highly virulent and virtually all are insensitive to azoles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of ALS and SAP gene families in C. albicans of vaginal origin has recently been studied [11, 12]. Likewise, the gene expression patterns of the LIP and PL family, which are associated with the formation of biofilm during infection, have been studied [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Virulence and Antifungal Resistance in Clinical Strains ofCandida albicans

Monroy-Pérez

Paniagua-Contreras

Rodríguez-Purata

et al. 2016

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…In C. albicans , the Als family is involved in the adhesion mechanism and can be regulated by environmental conditions (Verstrepen & Fink, ). ALS1 was the most frequently detected gene within the ALS family (Monroy‐Pérez et al, ), and an increased expression of ALS1 in biofilms compared with the planktonic cells was demonstrated (O'Connor et al, ). Alsteens, Van Dijck, Lipke, and Dufrêne () found that Als1 leads to the almost full recovery of the cohesive adhesion at short distances in C. albicans .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida tropicalis biofilm formation and expression levels of the CTRG ALS‐like genes in sessile cells

Galán-Ladero

Blanco-Blanco

Fernández-Calderón

et al. 2018

Yeast

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Candida tropicalis is an emergent pathogen with a high rate of mortality associated with it; however, less is known about its pathogenic capacity. Biofilm formation (BF) has important clinical repercussions, and it begins with adherence to a substrate. The adherence capacity depends principally on the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and, at a later stage, on specific adherence due to adhesins. The ALS family in C. tropicalis, implicated in adhesion and BF, is represented in several CTRG genes. In this study, we determined the biofilm‐forming ability, the primary adherence, and the CSH of C. tropicalis, including six isolates from blood and seven from urine cultures. We also compared the expression of four CTRG ALS‐like genes (CTRG_01028, CTRG_02293, CTRG_03786, and CTRG_03797) in sessile versus planktonic cells, selected for their possible contribution to BF. All the C. tropicalis strains were biofilm producers, related to its filamentation capacity; all the strains displayed a high adherence ability correlated to the CSH, and all the strains expressed the CTRG genes in both types of growth. Urine isolates present, although not significantly, higher CSH, adherence, and biofilm formation than blood isolates. This study reveals that three CTRG ALS‐like genes—except CTRG_03797—were more upregulated in biofilm cells, although with a considerable variation in expression across the strains studied and between the CTRG genes. C. tropicalis present a high biofilm capacity, and the overexpression of several CTRG ALS‐like genes in the sessile cells suggests a role by the course of the biofilm formation.

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“…33) ALS gene family, the member encoding cell-wall glycoproteins, is an important factor for the adhesion of C. albicans. 34,35) It has been reported that ALS1 gene is expressed in the earlier stage of biofilm formation, 36) and ALS3 gene is mainly up-regulated in the mature biofilm. 37) HWP1 gene could also regulate the adhesion of C. albicans to epithelial cells by Hwp1 protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Activity of Fungichromin against the Formation of Candida albicans Biofilm

Wang

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The effect of fungichromin (FC) on the formation of Candida albicans biofilm was assessed using 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results showed that FC revealed an inhibitory effect on the formation of C. albicans biofilm in a dose-dependent manner with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10 µg/mL. Over 80% of biofilm formation was inhibited by FC at the concentration of 40 µg/mL when compared with the control. Similarly, real-time PCR showed that the expression of the genes such as ALS1, ALS3, HWP1, EFG1, HYR1, CPH1 and BCR1 appeared to be remarkably affected by FC at the concentration of 20 µg/mL during the biofilm formation. In addition, FC could also induce the apoptosis of C. albicans cells in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, FC displayed potent activity against the formation of C. albicans biofilm in vitro and played an important role in reducing the incidence of device-associated infections. Key words fungichromin (FC); Candida albicans; biofilmCandida albicans is a dimorphic yeast that can be either a commensal or an opportunistic pathogen with the capability to cause a variety of infections, ranging from superficial mucous membrane infection to life-threatening systemic diseases. 1,2)Invasive candidiasis carries unacceptably high mortality, which is reported to be as high as 40-60%.3) One of the major reasons for this phenomenon is that candidiasis can adapt to a variety of environmental conditions through attaching to the surface and growing in microbial community in a mode of biofilm.4) Biofilm can be formed not only on host tissues, but also on prosthesis and indwelling medical devices, such as urinary and vascular catheters, (dental) implants, prostheses, and heart valves.5,6) C. albicans biofilm can lead to a significantly increased resistance to conventional antifungal drugs. 7)Another important reason for the low success rate in treating candidiasis is due to the limited number of antifungal agents. Also, the treatment efficacy of antifungal agents is limited because of toxicity and resistance. 8,9) Fungichromin (FC), as one of polyene antibiotics, has been reported for its in vitro antifungal properties including C. albicans [10][11][12] ; however, until now, the activity of FC against sessile cells in C. albicans biofilm has never been studied. The aim of the present study is to explore the inhibitory effect of FC on the formation of C. albicans biofilm so as to evaluate the potential therapeutic implication for biofilm-associated candidal infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC)C. albicans was prepared using broth dilution technique. FC with the gradient concentration of 0.625-80 µg/mL was prepared by two-fold serial dilution technique through RPMI 1640 medium buffered to pH 7.0 with MOPS buffer, and then inoculated with 100 µL of C. albicans suspension. Fluconazole...

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Frequency and expression of ALS and HWP1 genotypes in Candida albicans strains isolated from Mexican patients suffering from vaginal candidosis

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

High Virulence and Antifungal Resistance in Clinical Strains ofCandida albicans

High Virulence and Antifungal Resistance in Clinical Strains ofCandida albicans

Candida tropicalis biofilm formation and expression levels of the CTRG ALS‐like genes in sessile cells

The Activity of Fungichromin against the Formation of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilm

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