Frequency and operative correction of aortic insufficiency associated with ventricular septal defect

Single Cusp Replacement in Patients with Ventricular Septal Defect and Aortic Insufficiency

“…VSD‐AI was first described by Laubry and Pezzi in 1921, which has been recognized as a clinical entity called VSD‐AI syndrome. This malformation has a high prevalence among Asians . The exact mechanism of aortic valve cusp prolapse is not known.…”

“…This malformation has a high prevalence among Asians. [1][2][3][4] The exact mechanism of aortic valve cusp prolapse is not known. The lack of continuity between the aortic media, annulus, and ventricular septum renders the aortic sinus and annulus in this region weakened and unsupported, which displaces the aortic cusp or the aortic sinus downward and results in AI.…”

“…Ventricular septal defect with aortic insufficiency (VSD-AI) is a relatively common congenital syndrome among Asians. [1][2][3][4] These VSDs may be located in the subarterial (also referred to as supracristal, subpulmonary, doubly committed subarterial, conal septal, or infundibular position), perimembranous (also referred to as subcristal, conotruncal, or paramembranous position), or outlet muscular positions. 5,6 Subarterial VSDs complicate AI five times more often than perimembranous VSDs.…”

Impact of noncoronary cusp prolapse in addition to right coronary cusp prolapse in patients with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect

“…However, in patients with a perimembranous VSD, fewer data are available with regard to the impact of aortic cusp prolapse on the occurrence and evolution of AR compared to patients with a subarterial VSD. In subarterial VSDs, the prolapsed cusp is commonly the right, while the noncoronary cusp occasionally prolapses in a perimembranous VSD [6,7].…”

Transthoracic Subarterial Ventricular Septal Defect Occlusion Using a Minimally Invasive Incision

“…Although conventional surgical repair can achieve excellent treatment outcomes, it may result in scars or organ damage resulting from extracorporal circulation. We report a technique using a small incision in the lower sternum, and an eccentric occluder during surgery to successfully close subarterial infundibular VSDs …”