“…Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)-II scores 4,16,18,19 , Body Mass Index (BMI) 4,16,18 , gender 2,4,5,12,16,18,20,21 , specific comorbidities such as diabetes 2,5,8,9,13,22 , hypertension 2,5,13,23 , COPD 5,8,9,22 , pre-existing renal dysfunction 2,5,13 , myocardial infarction 2,5,8,9,13 , heart failure 8,9,13,24 , preoperative/ history of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) 2,5,8,23,24 , NYHA >2 2,23 , smoking 2,13 , SOFA scores 4,8,…”