Frequency, Causes and Cutting-Edge Treatment of Cataract: A Review

Abstract

Cataract is the disease which is prevailing world wide rapidly and health care professionals are making serious efforts to investigate the latest, inexpensive and readily available treatment of the disease. The aim of this review was to investigate the pervasiveness, causes and latest treatment of cataract. However this is a cross sectional study in which we study that Cataract occurs when protein is buildup in the lens and makes it cloudy. So the passing of light clearly through the lens is disturbed thus vision is lost up to some extent. Since on the outside of the lens new lens cells are formed, all the older cells are compacted into the center of the lens resulting in the cataract. Beside of this oxygen free radicals are also involved in cataract because its overproduction can stop the reach of glutathione and other antioxidant into lens where it ceases action of oxidant. Genetically prevalence of cataract also possessed. The gene responsible for cataract is Gamma-S crystalline gene (CRYGS).The only way of cataract removal is surgery although some medication are also present but it is not enough evidence that these lowers the risk for cataract formation.

Proteomic analysis of aqueous humor proteins associated with cataract development

“…Diabetes, glaucoma, myopia, etc. are also associated with the formation of cataract [7]. In European and African populations, diabetes is found to be associated with age related posterior subcapsular and cortical cataract, but probably not nuclear cataract [8].…”

Identification of proteins in the aqueous humor associated with cataract development using iTRAQ methodology

“…For example, Ji et al (2015) found that prolonged UV exposure can increase cataract risk (7). Other environmental factors, including diabetes, glaucoma and myopia, are also important in cataract development (8). For example, diabetes is reported to be associated with age-related PSCs and cortical cataracts, but not nuclear cataracts (9).…”

Downregulation of microRNA-181a attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced human lens epithelial cell apoptosis in�vitro

“…Previous studies have reported that the apoptosis of human lens epithelial (HLE) cells contributed to all types of cataract, with the exception of congenital disorders (5,6). Furthermore, oxidative stress and the formation of oxygen free radicals are also involved in cataract, and have been identified as a major risk factor for cataract development (4,7). Previous studies have demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) could induce the apoptosis of HLE cells (8,9); however, the molecular mechanisms implicated in H 2 O 2 -induced HLE cell apoptosis have yet to be fully elucidated.…”