Frequency Control by Tariff Regulation: (A comparison between the MPC and Tariff Modification)

Frequency Control of Large-Scale Interconnected Power Systems via Battery Integration: A Comparison Between the Hybrid Battery Model and WECC Model

“…Load deviations are one of the most challenging issues in power system planning and stability analysis in both distribution and transmission levels, which can be intensified in the presence of renewables and existing tariffs [13]. Load deviations as small disturbances lead to frequency deviations in power systems which can cause notable stress to generators' rotors.…”

“…In this study, we consider a recently introduced battery model [13] which is known as hybrid model of the battery.…”

“…Power system network equations are used to integrate the batteries into the power system. For this scenario, we use hybrid battery modeling; the battery integration process is explained in detail in our previous work [13].…”

“…The WECC model is developed and introduced by the Western electricity coordinating council as a generic model for renewables including battery energy storage systems [9] - [11]. The hybrid model, is developed based on the dynamics of the battery and its inverter's electric circuit model [12]- [13]. Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages which is beyond the scope of this paper.…”

“…In the first case, the hybrid model of the battery will be considered and augmented into the power system dynamics. Considering different charging/discharging dynamic models for the large-scale battery and the necessity of switching between charging/discharging modes, the power system dynamic model creates a hybrid system [13]. The hybrid nature of the battery operation and complexity of the power system require a new hybrid optimal approach for the control design.…”