Frequency Dependence Examination of PCB Material FR4 Relative Permittivity

Palecek, Juraj; Vestenický, Martin; Vestenický, Peter; Spalek, Juraj

doi:10.3182/20130925-3-cz-3023.00020

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…For the Sierpinski fractal antenna, ε r ′ varied in the range (4.30-4.31) while ε r ′′ / ε r ′ in the (0.140-0.142) in the frequency band of interest. The FR4 dielectric data were extracted from (20) . https://www.indjst.org/ At the patch antenna, the signal is applied practically through an SMA connector using a microstrip line with inset feeding while the simulation is applied by a waveguide port.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstrip patch and Sierpinski fractal antennas: simulations and experimental characterization for vital signs detection with Doppler radar technique

Vatamanu¹,

Iftode²,

Miclăuș³

2021

IJST

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Objectives: To fabricate planar models of antennas with resonance frequencies in the ultrahigh frequency band that allow short-range detection of respiration and heartbeat by a simple continuous wave Doppler radar system. Methods: Models of antennas were created in CST Studio software and the main parameters were computed. Then, antennas were fabricated at a PCB prototyping machine and were experimentally characterized in an anechoic chamber. Total efficiency and radiation patterns indicated the best working frequencies of 2.12 GHz and 8.82 GHz respectively, to test the human vital signs detection with a continuous-wave Doppler radar technique in direct visibility conditions. Findings: The patch antenna at 2.12 GHz had a maximum gain of 3.15 dBi and total efficiency of 43% while the Sierpinski antenna at 8.82 GHz had a maximum gain of 5.5 dBi and total efficiency of 65%. At incident power densities on the human subject's chest of 4.5 x 10 -4 mW/m 2 and of 2.6 x 10 -2 mW/m 2 respectively, the Doppler radar system based on these antennas offered precise responses. Practically, it was possible to extract both the heartbeat rate and the respiration rate, by simply applying the classical FFT algorithm on a time-series phase data of the transmission coefficient recorded during 30 seconds, when the set-up was composed of just the antennas and a vector network analyzer. Novelty: Increased detection accuracy was obtained due to careful characterization of the antennas parameters with no need of special processing algorithms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstrip patch and Sierpinski fractal antennas: simulations and experimental characterization for vital signs detection with Doppler radar technique

Vatamanu¹,

Iftode²,

Miclăuș³

2021

IJST

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“…Therefore, few researchers proposed a solution of PD antenna based on microstrip patch antenna that utilizing different types of substrates, overall sizing and configuration [40,[47][48][49]. Based on current research work implemented on developing the antenna for detecting PD, there are 33 few researchers currently employed fire retardant level 4 (FR-4) substrate as more cost-effective, reliable, and proven repeatability is due to numerous mass manufacturing electronic components especially printed circuit board (PCB) based on FR-4 material utilized in the market [23,50,51].…”

Section: Methodology Of Pd Detection and Recognition 21 Pd Detection ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Contemporary Review of High Voltage Partial Discharge Detection and Recognition Techniques

Bohari¹,

Isa²,

Bakar³

et al. 2023

ARFMTS

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This review article provides a summary of the most advanced approaches and advancements in the detection and recognition of high voltage partial discharge (PD). It discusses numerous detecting technologies, such as electrical, acoustic, and optical approaches, as well as their merits and disadvantages. It also discusses current developments in signal processing and pattern recognition algorithms used for PD detection and classification. Lastly, the study covers the challenges and limitations in high voltage PD detection and identification studies, as well as potential future solutions.

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“…Additionally, the deviation is partly due to the non-constant dielectric permittivity of the FR4 material within the measurement range [20]. We calibrated the dielectric constant to align with the second peak at 8.05 GHz shown in Figure 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This preliminary value was used to calculate the first set of distances that achieved perfect absorption with 12 slabs, as shown in Figure 2. However, since the permittivity does not remain constant across the microwave spectrum [20], further adjustments were necessary to precisely align the theoretical calculations with the observing second absorption peak at 8.05 GHz, as depicted in Figure 2. The permittivity value refined through this adjustment is the one reported in this study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Perfect Absorption of Microwave Radiation via Dielectric Slabs in Irregular Arrangements: A Non-Hermitian Approach

Franco-Villafañe,

Domínguez-Rocha,

Fernández-Marín

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study introduces a novel passive approach for achieving tunable perfect absorption of microwave radiation, employing non-Hermitian physics to manipulate electromagnetic waves without conductive elements. By utilizing common dielectric slabs in irregular configurations within a rectangular waveguide, we can completely absorb electromagnetic energy, distinctively retaining it within the electromagnetic field instead of converting it into heat. This method contrasts with traditional metamaterials that rely on conductive components to absorb energy. Employing the transfer matrix method and Sequential Quadratic Programming for optimization, our research identifies specific non-uniform placements of FR4 slabs that maximize absorption within targeted microwave bands. Experimental validation, executed in a standard WR90 waveguide connected to a vector network analyzer, confirms the theoretical and finite element simulation results, underscoring the effectiveness of our passive strategy. This work advances our understanding of non-Hermitian systems in electromagnetic wave control and offers significant potential for applications in reducing electromagnetic pollution and enhancing secure communications, all while aligning with ecological preservation objectives.

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Frequency Dependence Examination of PCB Material FR4 Relative Permittivity

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Microstrip patch and Sierpinski fractal antennas: simulations and experimental characterization for vital signs detection with Doppler radar technique

Microstrip patch and Sierpinski fractal antennas: simulations and experimental characterization for vital signs detection with Doppler radar technique

A Contemporary Review of High Voltage Partial Discharge Detection and Recognition Techniques

Tunable Perfect Absorption of Microwave Radiation via Dielectric Slabs in Irregular Arrangements: A Non-Hermitian Approach

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