Frequency‐dependent selection for rare genotypes promotes genetic diversity of a tropical palm

Browne, Luke; Karubian, Jordan

doi:10.1111/ele.12692

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…We were not able to obtain tissue containing both maternal and paternal genetic contributions without destructively sampling the seed to access the embryo, which would make it impossible to track survival across the seed‐to‐seedling transition. In light of this, we focus in this study on the maternal genotype of each seed, which has been shown to be a predictor of the genetic rarity of the diploid leaf seedling tissue (Browne & Karubian, ). Taking a genetic sample from the outer seed coat does not affect O. bataua germination rates (Supporting Information Table S1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(). In this study, our goal was to use an array of microsatellite loci that are assumed to be selectively neutral to sample the genome‐wide genetic rarity of individuals, rather than identify specific loci under selection as in Browne & Karubian (). However, we acknowledge that in some cases, microsatellite loci may be under selection because of linkage with other loci under selection or because they have a functional role in gene expression (Koshi & King, ; Selkoe & Toonen, ; Putman & Carbone, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the genetic rarity index developed by Browne & Karubian (), we estimated individual‐level genetic rarity of the maternal genotype of each dispersed seed by averaging across the frequencies of alleles within each seed's maternal genotype relative to a reference population. We calculated the reference allele frequencies based on the maternal genotypes of all seeds genotyped in our study ( n = 499), which assesses the genetic rarity of a seed's maternal genotype in comparison to other maternal genotypes with which a seed is likely to interact directly or indirectly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we do provide results of the survival analysis with genetic rarity calculated based on the genotypes of all unique maternal genotypes in our study area for reference. We averaged across the relative frequencies (in relation to the reference population) of each allele within each seed genotype, to calculate the genetic rarity index of individual i following the equation:

{Genetic rarity index}_{i} = \frac{\sum_{l = 1}^{L} {()(, p_{a_normalscaled} + p_{b_normalscaled})}_{l}}{2 L}

where p a_ scaled and p b_ scaled are the scaled relative frequencies of alleles a and b at locus l in the reference population, and L is the total number of loci (Browne & Karubian, ). Allele frequencies at each locus were scaled to a mean of zero and unit variance to ensure all loci were equally weighted in the calculation of genetic rarity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study of the canopy palm Oenocarpus bataua in the Chocó rainforests of northwest Ecuador, we found that experimentally planted seedlings with rare genotypes exhibited a survival advantage relative to seedlings with common genotypes (Browne & Karubian, ), providing one of the first examples of negative frequency‐dependent selection of seedling genotypes in a tropical forest. The seedlings used in the experiment were germinated in a shade house after collecting seeds directly from maternal trees and planted in equal densities across plots, which captured natural pollination dynamics, but by design omitted the influence of seed dispersal dynamics and natural variation in the density of nearby conspecifics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare genotype advantage promotes survival and genetic diversity of a tropical palm

Browne

Karubian

2018

New Phytologist

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Negative density dependence, where survival decreases as density increases, is a well-established driver of species diversity at the community level, but the degree to which a similar process might act on the density or frequency of genotypes within a single plant species to maintain genetic diversity has not been well studied in natural systems. In this study, we determined the maternal genotype of naturally dispersed seeds of the palm Oenocarpus bataua within a tropical forest in northwest Ecuador, tracked the recruitment of each seed, and assessed the role of individual-level genotypic rarity on survival. We demonstrate that negative frequency-dependent selection within this species conferred a survival advantage to rare maternal genotypes and promoted population-level genetic diversity. The strength of the observed rare genotype survival advantage was comparable to the effect of conspecific density regardless of genotype. These findings corroborate an earlier, experimental study and implicate negative frequency-dependent selection of genotypes as an important, but currently underappreciated, determinant of plant recruitment and within-species genetic diversity. Incorporating intraspecific genetic variation into studies and theory of forest dynamics may improve our ability to understand and manage forests, and the processes that maintain their diversity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

{Genetic rarity index}_{i} = \frac{\sum_{l = 1}^{L} {()(, p_{a_normalscaled} + p_{b_normalscaled})}_{l}}{2 L}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare genotype advantage promotes survival and genetic diversity of a tropical palm

Browne

Karubian

2018

New Phytologist

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Intraspecific plant–soil feedback in four tropical tree species is inconsistent in a field experiment

Eck,

Hernández Hassan,

Comita

2024

American J of Botany

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PremiseSoil microbes can influence patterns of diversity in plant communities via plant–soil feedbacks. Intraspecific plant–soil feedbacks occur when plant genotype leads to variations in soil microbial composition, resulting in differences in the performance of seedlings growing near their maternal plants versus seedlings growing near nonmaternal conspecific plants. How consistently such intraspecific plant–soil feedbacks occur in natural plant communities is unclear, especially in variable field conditions.MethodsIn an in situ experiment with four native tree species on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, seedlings of each species were transplanted beneath their maternal tree or another conspecific tree in the BCI forest. Mortality and growth were assessed at the end of the wet season (~4 months post‐transplant) and at the end of the experiment (~7 months post‐transplant).ResultsDifferences in seedling performance among field treatments were inconsistent among species and eroded over time. Effects of field environment were detected at the end of the wet season in two of the four species: Virola surinamensis seedlings had higher survival beneath their maternal tree than other conspecific trees, while seedling survival of Ormosia macrocalyx was higher under other conspecific trees. However, these differences were gone by the end of the experiment.ConclusionsOur results suggest that intraspecific plant–soil feedbacks may not be consistent in the field for tropical tree species and may have a limited role in determining seedling performance in tropical tree communities. Future studies are needed to elucidate the environmental and genetic factors that determine the incidence and direction of intraspecific plant–soil feedbacks in plant communities.

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Examining the spatiotemporal variation of genetic diversity and genetic rarity in the natural plant recolonization of human-altered areas

et al. 2023

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The spatiotemporal genetic variation at early plant life stages may substantially affect the natural recolonization of human-altered areas, which is crucial to understand plant and habitat conservation. In animal-dispersed plants, dispersers’ behavior may critically drive the distribution of genetic variation. Here, we examine how genetic rarity is spatially and temporally structured in seedlings of a keystone pioneer palm (Chamaerops humilis) and how the variation of genetic rarity could ultimately affect plant recruitment. We intensively monitored the seed rain mediated by two medium-sized carnivores during two consecutive seasons in a Mediterranean human-altered area. We genotyped 143 out of 309 detected seedlings using 12 microsatellite markers. We found that seedlings emerging from carnivore-dispersed seeds showed moderate to high levels of genetic diversity and no evidence of inbreeding. We found inflated kinship among seedlings that emerged from seeds within a single carnivore fecal sample, but a dilution of such FSGS at larger spatial scales (e.g. latrine). Seedlings showed a significant genetic sub-structure and the sibling relationships varied depending on the spatial scale. Rare genotypes arrived slightly later throughout the dispersal season and tended to be spatially isolated. However, genetic rarity was not a significant predictor by itself which indicates that, at least, its influence on seedling survival was smaller than other spatiotemporal factors. Our results suggest strong C. humilis resilience to genetic bottlenecks due to human disturbances. We highlight the study of plant-animal interactions from a genetic perspective since it provides crucial information for plant conservation and the recovery of genetic plant resilience.

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Frequency‐dependent selection for rare genotypes promotes genetic diversity of a tropical palm

Cited by 26 publications

References 62 publications

Rare genotype advantage promotes survival and genetic diversity of a tropical palm

Rare genotype advantage promotes survival and genetic diversity of a tropical palm

Intraspecific plant–soil feedback in four tropical tree species is inconsistent in a field experiment

Examining the spatiotemporal variation of genetic diversity and genetic rarity in the natural plant recolonization of human-altered areas

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