Frequency Diverse Array Auto-Scanning Beam Characteristics and Potential Radar Applications

Wang, Wen-Qin

doi:10.1109/access.2022.3197191

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Note that, due to the fact that r (M − 1)d sin θ and f 0 ∆f , the term m2π∆fd sin θ/c 0 is ignorable, where c 0 is the speed of light. Specifically, if equal {a m } are assumed, the FDA transmit beampattern can be derived as [25]…”

Section: Basic Fda Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the traditional phased-array beam is both range-independent and time-independent, its beam propagation path from the radar platform to the imaging target is a direct-line. Differently, according to (5), due to the range-and time-dependent beampattern characteristics, even for a given fixed physical direction θ, the FDA will generate an apparent direction θ a [25]:…”

Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency Diverse Array SAR With Fast-Time Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Subsurface Imaging

Wang

2023

IEEE Access

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Different from the ground penetration radar providing only one-dimensional image, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can produce two-dimensional and even three-dimensional image, which is meaningful in subsurface imaging, but possible layover effects may be a problem. Moreover, multipath reflections from the ground known as hot clutter or terrain scattered interferences will add nonstationary interference components to the subsurface imaging. In this paper, we the present the use of fast-time space-time adaptive processing (STAP) to suppress undesired interferences for SAR subsurface imaging. Moreover, the frequency diverse array (FDA) range-and time-dependent beampattern is explored to enhance the SAR azimuth resolution and reduce fluctuations in the received signals, which helps in mitigating multipath effects and potentially addressing layover issues. The FDA-SAR platform moves at a constant speed along with the azimuth direction above the ground with a side-looking FDA antenna to formulate a strip-map side-looking SAR for subsurface imaging, where the FDA antenna elements also are placed along with the moving track of FDA-SAR platform. The research progress is reviewed and the most recent advances are introduced. The technical challenges and future works also are discussed. We aim to introduce the promising FDA-SAR with fast-time STAP for subsurface imaging and encourage further exploration in this domain.

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Section: Basic Fda Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Diverse Array SAR With Fast-Time Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Subsurface Imaging

Wang

2023

IEEE Access

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“…Another important application of the FDA is scanning arrays. Frequency differences between the elements in an FDA create periodic phase differences between the elements, so the main beam direction continuously scans the space [28]. This property enables a beam scanning structure without any phase shifter, which is usually limited in power handling and introduces some loss in the RF chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Joint Frequency Space Design Approach for Efficient Planar Frequency Diverse Arrays

Hasheminasab

Cheldavi

kishk³

2023

Preprint

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Antenna arrays benefit from spatial diversity, which enables the control of the pattern specifications in space. Adding frequency diversity to arrays provides an opportunity to control the beams in the Space-Time domain. Contrary to the conventional arrays, the added frequency diversity in the Frequency Diverse Arrays (FDA) leads to time-variant and range-dependent patterns. The time variation of the pattern affects both steering and auto-scanning applications. The array factor depends coherently on the frequency and spatial distributions of elements, in the same way, the spatial and time behavior of the FDA’s pattern is correlated. Due to this space-frequency coherency, an adjoint spatial-frequency design algorithm is the best approach for controlling the array's spatial and time behaviors. Although Due to the complexity of the array factor formulations in the FDA, the frequency and spatial distribution of the elements has been separately designed. This study proposes an algorithm to concurrently, allocate the location and frequency of the elements for a desired pattern. First, using some symmetry, a straightforward formulation for the array factor is obtained and used to design a symmetrical FDA for a stable and periodic scanning beam. Second, by analyzing the formulations, two important design parameters and some crucial design criteria of the FDA pattern for scanning applications are suggested, and using these parameters a designing algorithm is extracted. The novelty of the proposed approach is the simultaneous design of the location and frequency of the elements in the space-frequency plane, which results in meeting the time and spatial requirement of the pattern. Using this approach, two different planar arrays are designed, and their results are compared with those of other planar configurations. This study paves the way for a new approach to designing FDAs.

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“…Another significant application of the FDA is in scanning arrays. The frequency differences between elements in an FDA result in periodic phase differences, enabling the main beam direction to scan the space continuously 23 . This property eliminates the need for phase shifters typically used in conventional arrays, which have power handling and bandwidth limitations, in addition to the RF chain losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint frequency space design approach for efficient planar frequency diverse arrays

Hasheminasab¹,

Cheldavi²,

Kishk³

2023

Sci Rep

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Antenna arrays offer advantages in terms of spatial diversity, allowing for control over pattern specifications in space. The incorporation of frequency diversity in arrays presents an opportunity to manipulate beams in the Space–Time domain. Unlike conventional arrays, Frequency Diverse Arrays (FDA) with added frequency diversity exhibit time-variant and range-dependent patterns. These time variations impact both steering and auto-scanning applications. The array factor is influenced by the coherent interplay between frequency and spatial distributions of elements, thereby correlating the spatial and temporal behavior of the FDA’s pattern. To address this space-frequency coherency, an adjoint spatial-frequency design algorithm is the most effective approach to controlling the array's spatial and temporal behavior. Given the complexity of the array factor formulations in FDAs, elements' frequency and spatial distribution have traditionally been designed separately. However, this study proposes an algorithm that simultaneously allocates the location and frequency of elements to achieve a desired pattern. Symmetrical FDA is initially designed using a straightforward formulation of the array factor obtained through symmetry, ensuring a stable and periodic scanning beam. Subsequently, two important design parameters and several crucial design criteria for scanning applications are suggested by analyzing the formulations. These parameters form the basis of a designing algorithm that enables the simultaneous design of element location and frequency in the space-frequency plan, thus meeting the temporal and spatial requirements of the pattern. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, two different planar arrays are designed, and their results are compared with those of other planar configurations. This study lays the foundation for a novel approach to designing Frequency Diverse Arrays (FDAs), opening up new possibilities in array design.

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Frequency Diverse Array Auto-Scanning Beam Characteristics and Potential Radar Applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Frequency Diverse Array SAR With Fast-Time Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Subsurface Imaging

Frequency Diverse Array SAR With Fast-Time Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Subsurface Imaging

A Joint Frequency Space Design Approach for Efficient Planar Frequency Diverse Arrays

Joint frequency space design approach for efficient planar frequency diverse arrays

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