Frequency Dynamics-Constrained Parameter Design for Fast Frequency Controller of Wind Turbine

Huang, Junkai; Yang, Zhifang; Yu, Jie; Xiong, Liansong; Xu, Yan

doi:10.1109/tste.2021.3102611

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…1, the mechanical power captured by the WT P Wm and the active power output by the WT P We can be expressed as (2). It should be noted that the AFC can be applied not only to WTs [19], but also to WFs [23]. To reduce computational burden for steadystate and dynamic analysis, the difference in operating state among WTs is ignored, and a single-machine aggregation model for the WF is adopted in this paper [21].…”

Section: Full-order Frequency Response Model For Multi-machine Power ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After establishing the frequency response model, the explicit expression of the frequency response indexes can be derived as a function of control coefficients in WF, thus the optimization scheme of the auxiliary frequency controller can be further studied. In order to improve the frequency support capability, the maximum rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) RoCoF max is regarded as an index for adjusting the coefficients of auxiliary frequency controller in [18] and [19]. These schemes ignore the time delay of the active power output by WF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimized Auxiliary Frequency Control of Wind Farm Based on Piecewise Reduced-order Frequency Response Model

Zhang,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

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With the increasing wind power penetration in the power system, the auxiliary frequency control (AFC) of wind farm (WF) has been widely used. The traditional system frequency response (SFR) model is not suitable for the wind power generation system due to its poor accuracy and applicability. In this paper, a piecewise reduced-order frequency response (P-ROFR) model is proposed, and an optimized auxiliary frequency control (O-AFC) scheme of WF based on the P-ROFR model is proposed. Firstly, a full-order frequency response model considering the change in operating point of wind turbine is established to improve the applicability. In order to simplify the fullorder model, a P-ROFR model with second-order structure and high accuracy at each frequency response stage is proposed. Based on the proposed P-ROFR model, the relationship between the frequency response indexes and the auxiliary frequency controller coefficients is expressed explicitly. Then, an O-AFC scheme with the derived explicit expression as the optimization objective is proposed in order to improve the frequency support capability on the premise of ensuring the full release of the rotor kinetic energy and the full use of the effect of time delay on frequency regulation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed P-ROFR model and the performance of the proposed O-AFC scheme are verified by simulation studies.

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Section: Full-order Frequency Response Model For Multi-machine Power ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Auxiliary Frequency Control of Wind Farm Based on Piecewise Reduced-order Frequency Response Model

Zhang,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Instituting (3), (10), (11) into (9), the steady-state deviation of frequency response could be quantified by: * * 00 00 0 lim ( ) ( )…”

Section: B Performance Analysis Of Improved Sfr Model 1) Steady-state...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to secure the frequency stability, system operators design some frequency ancillary services procured from generators and demands, such as frequency containment reserve (FCR), frequency restoration reserve (FRR), and fast frequency reserve (FFR) in Denmark [6], [7]. Some clean alternative providers have been recommended to offer the frequency services for RES-dominated power systems, including the RES generation facilities [8], [9] and rapid responsive energy storages [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Modeling and Control of Grid-Scale Alkaline Electrolyzer Plant for Frequency Support in Wind-Dominated Electricity-Hydrogen Systems

Huang

Zong

Traholt

2023

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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Integration of the hydrogen sector into power systems via electrolyzers could greatly facilitate energy sustainability by producing green hydrogen, moreover, assist in reinforcing frequency stability based on optimal control of electrolyzers. In order to improve the frequency performance of the wind-dominated electricity-hydrogen systems (WEHS), this paper investigates how to analytically evaluate and implement the dynamic frequency regulation (DFR) supported by a grid-scale alkaline electrolyzer (AEL) plant. The DFR's potential of the AEL plant is released by an emulated power-frequency characteristic, and its contributions to improving system frequency response are also analytically evaluated from the aspects of transient, steady-state, and stability indicators. Furthermore, the DFR dependency on the frequency containment reserve provision and pre-contingency operating points of AELs are analytically clarified. A DFR-driven controller to coordinate multiple modules in the AEL plant is also designed in detail. In addition, the economic analysis is presented to evaluate the profitability of AELs providing frequency support. Cases of a simple WEHS and a modified IEEE 9-bus system integrated with grid-scale AEL plants during frequency contingencies are studied to validate the proposed DFR method, which can improve the system frequency response with smoother transients and lower steady-state deviation. Index Terms-Alkaline electrolyzer, analytical evaluations of frequency response, grid-scale electrolyzer plant, system frequency support, wind-dominated electricity-hydrogen systems. E

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“…Inertia-based models [23,26,27] are mostly used to quantify the DFRC of restored systems. The quantification method of DFRC includes approximate linearization methods [26,28] and simulation methods [29,30]. However, since the inertia in HRPPSs is relatively low, inertia-based methods cannot accurately describe the DFRC of HRPPS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated restoration of inverter‐based power sources and synchronous generators for the high renewable penetrated power system considering the dynamic frequency regulation capability

Yang,

Liao,

Liang

et al. 2024

IET Renewable Power Gen

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Extensive inverter‐based power sources (IPS) impose significant challenges on the restoration of high renewable penetrated power systems (HRPPS). To enhance HRPPS resilience, the proper utilization of IPSs must be implemented. Combining frequency dynamics of IPSs and synchronous generators, this paper proposes a coordinated restoration method for multi‐type power sources after a major blackout. First, interactions between synchronous generators and IPSs are systematically analyzed. Based on this, output characteristics and constraints of IPSs in the power sources restoration process are quantified. Second, the dynamic frequency regulation capability (DFRC) of restored systems is quantified based on a unified transfer function structure model. Then the maximum power disturbance that restored systems can bear is derived based on DFRC indices including the maximum frequency deviation and the rate of change of frequency. Third, considering interactions between power sources and the DFRC of restored systems, a coordinated restoration optimization model of multi‐type power sources is proposed. Finally, case studies based on a modified IEEE 39‐bus system are simulated to verify the applicability and superiority of the proposed method. Meanwhile, results show that the proposed method for quantifying DFRC is more suitable for HRPPSs than traditional inertia‐based methods.

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Frequency Dynamics-Constrained Parameter Design for Fast Frequency Controller of Wind Turbine

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Optimized Auxiliary Frequency Control of Wind Farm Based on Piecewise Reduced-order Frequency Response Model

Optimized Auxiliary Frequency Control of Wind Farm Based on Piecewise Reduced-order Frequency Response Model

Analytical Modeling and Control of Grid-Scale Alkaline Electrolyzer Plant for Frequency Support in Wind-Dominated Electricity-Hydrogen Systems

Coordinated restoration of inverter‐based power sources and synchronous generators for the high renewable penetrated power system considering the dynamic frequency regulation capability

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