Frequency of Acute Heart Failure in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction After Revascularization

Abstract

Aim – to study the frequency of acute heart failure (AHF) in patients with Q-myocardial infarction (MI), to establish the clinical and functional features of the course and risk factors for high-grade heart failure in patients with Q-MI.Materials and methods. The data of 308 middle-aged Q-MI patients (62.9±0.6) years old, including 215 men (69.8%) and 93 women (30.2%), who were treated in a specialized cardiology department, were analyzed. Among the examined patients, an analysis of the combination of Q-MI with AHF of different classes according to Killip was performed. All patients underwent a general clinical examination, ECG, echocardiography and lung ultrasound, coronary ventriculography, additional laboratory examination (quantitative troponin I, D-dimer, CPK-MV, CRP, NT-proBNP). Statistical analysis of the results was performed in the "Statistica 7.0" system. The results. Among all examined, 161 (52.3%) persons had AHF class I according to Killip, 44 (14.3%) – class II, 55 (17.8%) – class III, and 48 (15.6%) patients - class IV. When dividing by age and sex, no significant difference was found between different classes of AHF. Men predominated in all groups - from 61.8% in the group of MI+AHF of class III to 73.3% in the group of MI+AHF of class I. In all groups the majority of those examined were patients who were hospitalized within 2 to 6 hours of the onset of the pain syndrome - 63.4% in group I, 45.4% in group II, 49.1% in group III, and 56.2% in group IV. Hospitalized within 6-12 hours among all MI patients was 19.2%, slightly more in groups of AHF I and II (20.5% and 22.7%) than in groups III and IV (16.4% and 14, 7%), (р=0.34). The smallest part of patients - 7.2% - was hospitalized within more than 12 hours from the onset of the pain syndrome, from 3.7% in the group of MI and AHF I to 12.7% in the group of AHF III (p=0.32). The average BMI was (29.6±0.3) kg/m2, the highest BMI was determined in the group of MI and GOS AHF – (30.5±0.4) kg/m2, the lowest – in the group of MI and AHF I – (29 .1±0.4) kg/m2 (р=0.24). Arterial hypertension (AH) among persons with AHF I occurred in 85.1% of cases, with AHF II - in 100%, in the group of AHF III - in 90.9%, in AHF IV - in 89.6% (р=0,66). When comparing the data of patients with MI and AHF of high degrees - Killip III-IV (group II) it was found that they were significantly older than people with MI without signs of AHF of high gradations (p=0.016). It was found that patients with MI and high-grade heart failure differed from people with class I-II heart failure by higher BMI - (30.4±0.5) versus (29.1±0.2) kg/m2, respectively (p=0.046), as well as a longer history of hypertension - 52.4% of patients in group II had hypertension for more than 10 years, while in group I - 36.1% (p=0.006). There is a significantly higher frequency of all forms of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the anamnesis in patients with high-grade heart failure - 12.6% versus 3.9% in group I (p=0.0004) and a higher frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases - 10.7 % against 4.4% (p=0.035).Conclusions. Patients with AHF classes III and IV differ from people with HF I and II classes in the frequency of AF cases, while other concomitant diseases are present in all groups without a significant difference. Patients with MI complicated by high-grade AHF differ from the group of MI without high-grade AHF by older age, higher BMI, a longer history of hypertension, and a higher frequency of AF and COPD. Stable angina pectoris in the anamnesis is noted more often in persons without high gradation of AHF.