Frequency of allergic reactions to methyldibromoglutaronitrile (1,2‐dibromo‐2,4‐dicyanobutane) in The Netherlands

Degroot, Ac; Bruynzeel, D. P.; Coenraads, P.J.; Crijns, Marianne B.; Vanginkel, C. J. W.; Vanjoost, T; Vanderkley, Jjm; Meinardi, M.M.H.M.; Smeenk, G; Weyland, J. Willem

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01870.x

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Certainly, the sensitizing potential of its two compo nents dibromodicyanobutane and phenoxyethanol is com paratively small according to animal experiments using guinea pigs [111 as is the frequency of sensitization in clin ical series [12,13]. Yet is should not be overlooked that Euxyl K 400 was repeatedly detected as relevant allergen in patients suffering from perianal contact dermatitis [10]. Thus, potential alternatives should clearly be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance to Different Toilet Paper Preparations: Toxicological and Allergological Aspects

Blecher

Korting²

1995

Dermatology

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Background and Design: A controlled open trial was performed in 40 individuals suffering from chronic perianal eczema. Various toilet paper preparations representing the conventional type made of pure cellulose, the recycled and the moist type were investigated using the patch test as were allergens possibly related to toilet paper. In addition, a chronic use test and a repeated rubbing test were performed with a conventional and a recycled toilet paper preparation. Results: A total of 20 patients could be evaluated in full. A variety of reactions were seen in the patch test, most of which were of the allergic type. Allergens included many different chemical entities, e.g. preservatives used in moist toilet paper such as Kathon CG and Euxyl K 400. In a volunteer allergic to Euxyl K 400, allergy to the moist toilet paper regularly used by him was established. After discontinuation of its application, perianal dermatitis disappeared. In the repeated rubbing test at the forearm, 10 volunteers showed a reaction with the recycled paper preparation while no such reaction was seen upon the application of the conventional type of toilet paper. The validity of these findings was corroborated by corresponding results in the use test. Conclusion: There is clearly a potential for allergic reactions to components of moist toilet paper and reactions to recycled toilet paper presumably irritant by nature. These irritant reactions are probably caused by the rough texture of current paper types and do not reflect the presence of potentially toxic ingredients such as metal salts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance to Different Toilet Paper Preparations: Toxicological and Allergological Aspects

Blecher

Korting²

1995

Dermatology

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“…0.5% methyldibromoglutaronitrile) in ethanol in 2057 patients. Initial investigations into the frequency of allergic reactions to methyldibromoglutaronitrile in the Netherlands among 1152 patients from several dermatological clinics showed that it is currently not an important sensitizer in the Netherlands: 0.5% of the patients reacted [4]. It is not yet clear whether methyldibromoglutaronitrile will become an important sensitizer.…”

Section: -5463 0 1993 International Journal Of Cosmetic Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of methyldibromoglutaronitrile in cosmetic products by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Rooselaar

Weyland

1993

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Synopsis A method for the determination of methyldibromoglutaronitrile in cosmetic products is described. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and reductive electrochemical detection is employed to provide for improved selectivity and detectability compared to alternative methods. The method detects 0.002% methyldibromoglutaronitrile in cosmetic products and has a linear range from 0.006 up to 0.06%, which can easily be extended to the legally allowed limit of 0.1% by means of a simple dilution step. At a level of 0.03% the coefficient of variation was estimated to be 1.7%. Recoveries measured were between 98 and 100%. The method has been subjected to a ruggedness test, which indicated that it was stable, but slightly sensitive for a decrease in the detection potential. More than 130 cosmetic products have been analysed using the method. In 19 samples methyldibromoglutaronitrile was detected in concentrations varying between 0.002% and 0.030%. Résumé Une méthode a été mise au point pour la détermination du methyldibromoglutaronitrile, un conservateur cosmétique dont l'utilisation est croissante. La méthode utilise la chromatographie liquide à haute performance avec détection électrochimique pour permettre une amélioration de la détection et de la spécificité. Selon une procédure simple, le methyldibromoglutaronitrile est séparé sur une colonne 100 RP8 (lichosphere MERCK) avec une phase mobile constituee d'eau et d'acétone (60/40 v/v) avec un ajout de sulfate de sodium et du chlorure de sodium pour obtenir des concentrations de 0.02 M et 0.002 M respectivement. Une électrode en or a été utilisée pour la détection avec un potentiel de fonctionnement de -0.6 V réductif. Une détection par pulsation a été nécessaire pour obtenir une réponse stable. Le détecteur a été programmé pourgarder l'électrode pour 10 ms à 1 V, 10 ms à-1 V (réductif) et à-0.6 V pour 100 ms, ce potentiel a été utilisé comme mesure. Des courbes de calibration linéaire ont été obtenues sur une gamme de 0.006%à 0.06% methyldibromoglutaronitrile. Une concentration de 0.002% de methyldibromoglutaronitrile a pu être détectée par un rapport signal/bruit supérieur à 2,5. La reconstitution d'un échantillon, doséà 0.03% de methyldibromoglutaronitrile a atteint 98% d'après les mesures sur la surface des pics et 100% en calculant la hauteur des pics. La déviation relative calculée sur des éxpériences d'extraction indépendantes à partir du même échantillon dosé a été estimée à 1.7%. La méthode a été soumise à un test de robustesse. Les divers paramétres étaient les suivants: la quantité d'échantillons soumis à l'analyse; le temps d'extraction et le temps durant lequel la solution extraite a été mélangée; la composition du solvant d'extraction; la température de la colonne; le temps de pulsation du détecteur et le potentiel de fonctionnement.

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“…Moistened toilet tissue as a source of sensitisation to MDBGN has been highlighted in several studies originating from the Netherlands [1,21,36,37]. The first reported case of MDBGN being the causative allergen in moistened toilet tissue was by De Groot and Weijland [36] in 1991.…”

Section: Contact Allergy To Euxyl K400 In Cosmetics and Skin Creamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1991, the Dutch Contact Dermatitis Group [21], found a 0.5% frequency of positive reactions to MDBGN 0.05% pet. However, this prevalence increased in 1994 [22] to 4% in a multicentre investigation of 2,943 patients tested with MDBGN 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.3% pet., soy lecithin 5% being added to obtain homogeneous dispersions.…”

Section: Frequency Of Contact Sensitisation To Euxyl K400mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyldibromoglutaronitrile: An Increasingly Important Allergen in the UK

2003

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Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) was introduced to the European market in 1985, as a preservative for cosmetics, toiletries and industrial products. Since its introduction 17 years ago, studies both in Europe and North America have highlighted it as an increasing new allergen especially in cosmetics. In industry, as MDBGN supersedes isothiazolinones in a wide range of products, its emergence as an important allergen in occupational contact dermatitis becomes more apparent. Dermatologists in the UK need to be aware of this rising new allergen and that the dermatitis can affect not only the head and neck region but also the perianal skin or hands when due to cosmetics, toiletries or industrial products, respectively.

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Frequency of allergic reactions to methyldibromoglutaronitrile (1,2‐dibromo‐2,4‐dicyanobutane) in The Netherlands

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Tolerance to Different Toilet Paper Preparations: Toxicological and Allergological Aspects

Tolerance to Different Toilet Paper Preparations: Toxicological and Allergological Aspects

Determination of methyldibromoglutaronitrile in cosmetic products by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Methyldibromoglutaronitrile: An Increasingly Important Allergen in the UK

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