Frequency of Alternaria brassicicola in commercial cabbage seeds in Japan

Kubota, Masaharu; Abiko, Kaoru; Yanagisawa, Yukio; Nishi, Kazufumi

doi:10.1007/s10327-006-0272-1

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The disease caused by A. brassicicola in cabbage plug seedlings is a growing threat to cabbage cultivation in Japan (21). The methods for disease prevention and control of seed- and airborne A. brassicicola are based on chemical control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol Potential of an Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Strain MBCN152-1 against Alternaria brassicicola on Cabbage Plug Seedlings

et al. 2017

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In the present study, 77 strains of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from cabbage were screened in order to assess their biocontrol potential against Alternaria brassicicola on cabbage seedlings. In the first and second screening trials, cabbage seedlings pretreated with mycelial suspensions of each isolate were spray-inoculated with A. brassicicola. Strain MBCN152-1, which exhibited the best protection in screening trials and had no adverse effects on seedling growth, was selected for the greenhouse trial. In the greenhouse trial, cabbage seedlings, which had been grown in plug trays filled with soil mix containing spores of MBCN152-1 (1×10 8 spores g -1 of soil mix), were spray-inoculated with A. brassicicola and grown in greenhouse conditions. MBCN152-1 reduced disease incidence and significantly increased the number of viable seedlings. The efficacy of MBCN152-1 against damping-off caused by seed-borne A. brassicicola was then evaluated. Cabbage seeds, artificially infested with A. brassicicola, were sown in soil mix containing MBCN152-1 spores. The disease was completely suppressed when infested seeds were sown in a soil mix blended with MBCN152-1 at 1.5×10 7 spores g -1 of soil mix. These results strongly suggest that MBCN152-1 has the potential to control A. brassicicola on cabbage plug seedlings. MBCN152-1 was identified as a Streptomyces humidus-related species based on 16S rDNA sequencing. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the hyphae of MBCN152-1 multiplied on the surface of the seedlings and penetrated their epidermal cells. In conclusion, strain MBCN152-1 is a promising biocontrol agent against A. brassicicola on cabbage plug seedlings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol Potential of an Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Strain MBCN152-1 against Alternaria brassicicola on Cabbage Plug Seedlings

et al. 2017

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“…Internal colonisation was found for 62-80% of the seeds (Köhl et al 2010). Seed infection rates of more than 50% have also been reported by other authors (Tahvonen 1979, Wu & Lu 1984, Kubota et al 2006. Yield losses resulting from the disease, but also losses of harvested seed lots resulting from seed contamination are common in organic seed production of Brassica vegetables, and seed-transmitted Alternaria spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Older lesions may be covered with a mat of spores, which are yellow in the case of A. brassicae and dark olive brown in the case of A. brassicicola (Humpherson-Jones 1988). Wu & Lu (1984) described A. brassicicola as the major cause of black spot in cabbage production in Taiwan, and according to Kubota et al (2006) this pathogen caused sooty spot disease in commercial cabbage nurseries in Japan. However, according to Humpherson-Jones (1988), in Brassica oleracea, to which many important vegetables like cabbage, cauliflower, brussel sprouts and kale belong, dark leaf spots on the buttons, curds and outer leaves are primarily caused by A. brassicae, whereas A. brassicicola is most important on B. oleracea seed crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of non-chemical seed treatment methods for control of Alternaria brassicicola on cabbage seeds

Amein¹,

Wright

Wikström

et al. 2011

J Plant Dis Prot

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Due to the lack of foliar fungicide use, the organic production of Brassica seeds free of Alternaria spp. is difficult. Therefore, effective seed treatments certified for use in organic farming are needed to eradicate or at least effectively reduce the seed-borne inoculum. We here report results of greenhouse and field experiments in which non-chemical seed treatments were tested for control of A. brassicicola on cabbage seeds naturally infested with the pathogen. In greenhouse experiments, significant improvements were obtained by seed treatment with some commercialised and experimental microbial biocontrol agents, an emulsion of thyme oil in water (0.1%) and by the tested physical seed treatments methods (i.e. hot water, aerated steam and electron seed treatment). Resistance inducers tended to increase the percentage of healthy plants, but the effects were statistically not significant. Generally the combination of physical treatments with the effective agents did not result in improved performance. Positive effects on crop establishment and yield by the same treatments were also observed in field tests. Overall the results indicate that several options for non-chemical control of A. brassicicola on Brassica seeds exist that are comparable in efficacy to the chemical standard Aatiram (active ingredient thiram) used in this study.

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“…On the other hand, the cultigen PGH05I performed better under artificial inoculation, manifested by the marginally higher DSI under natural epidemiological conditions. This might indicate the presence of other stress factors: Local differences in growing conditions or climate (Hong and Fitt 1995;Scholze 2002;Shrestha et al 2005), suboptimal developmental stage upon pathogen incidence, or presence of other pathogens under natural epidemiological conditions, in particular the opportunistic ones such as A. alternata (Kubota et al 2006;Michereff et al 2012;Tohyama & Tsuda 1995). Under natural infection in the field, the conidia concentration may be low, and plants may escape infection (Sharma et al 2002), hence the need to repeatedly test the resistance of the established breeding materials in the field to prevent escapes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cabbages and edible brassicas feed humans worldwide, placing 5th in the global production as a major vegetable crop (FAOSTAT data). Dark leaf spot of brassicas -also referred to as black spot (Brazauskienė et al 2011;Scholze and Ding 2005) or Alternaria blight (Kumar et al 2014;Meena et al 2004 (Bock et al 2002;Köhl et al 2010;Kubota et al 2006;Kumar et al 2014)). The disease is the major bottleneck in the global production of cultivated oilseed crops, Chinese cabbage, head cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and other important crops from the Brassicaceae family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternaria brassicicola – Brassicaceae pathosystem: insights into the infection process and resistance mechanisms under optimized artificial bio-assay

et al. 2018

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Heavy losses incited yearly by Alternaria brassicicola on the vegetable Brassicaceae have prompted our search for sources of genetic resistance against the pathogen and the resultant disease, dark leaf spot. We optimized several parameters to test the performance of the plants under artificial inoculations with this pathogen, including leaf age and position, inoculum concentration, and incubation temperature. Using these optimized conditions, we screened a collection of 38 Brassicaceae cultigens with two methods (detached leaf and seedlings). Our results show that either method can be used for the A. brassicicola resistance breeding, and that the plant genotype was crucial in determining its response to the pathogen. The bio-assays for A. brassicicola resistance were run under more stringent lab conditions than the field tests (natural epidemics), resulting in identification of two interspecific hybrids that might be used in breeding programs. Based on the results of the biochemical analyses, reactive oxygen species and red-ox enzymes interplay has been suggested to determine the outcome of the plant-A. brassicicola interplay. Confocal microscopy analyses of the leaf samples provided data on the pathogen mode of infection: Direct epidermal infection or stomatal attack were related to plant resistance level against A. brassicicola among the cultigens tested. Further, the microscopic analyses suggested rapid actin network activation of the host cells around the papillas deposited under the pathogen appressorium.

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Frequency of Alternaria brassicicola in commercial cabbage seeds in Japan

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Biocontrol Potential of an Endophytic <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. Strain MBCN152-1 against <i>Alternaria brassicicola</i> on Cabbage Plug Seedlings

Biocontrol Potential of an Endophytic <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. Strain MBCN152-1 against <i>Alternaria brassicicola</i> on Cabbage Plug Seedlings

Evaluation of non-chemical seed treatment methods for control of Alternaria brassicicola on cabbage seeds

Alternaria brassicicola – Brassicaceae pathosystem: insights into the infection process and resistance mechanisms under optimized artificial bio-assay

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