Frequency of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in dogs and wild small mammals from rural properties and conservation units in southern Brazil

Aizawa, Juliana; Krawczak, Felipe da Silva; Guedes, Israel Barbosa; Souza-Filho, Antonio Francisco; Souza, Gisele Oliveira de; Binder, Lina C.; Sobotyk, Caroline; Sponchiado, Jonas; Melo, Geruza Leal; Labruna, Marcelo Bahia; Heinemann, Marcos Bryan

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100104

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…27,28 Overall, Leptospira infection among dog populations in our study was also higher than that of other studies conducted in 2011 and 2016 in similar areas of Vietnam and a study in Brazil. 15,23,29,30 In at least 160 mammalian species affected by Leptospira, cats are considered to be resistant to leptospirosis but an important source of transmission to humans. 31 In our study, seroprevalence stood out the most in Thai Binh (25%), where the cat is regarded as a special food that increases the risk of transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospira infection among human-close-contact animals in different geographical areas in Vietnam

et al. 2021

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Leptospirosis is a neglected disease in Vietnam. Only a few studies have evaluated the status of Leptospira infection in both humans and animals. To our knowledge, this is the first serological survey of Leptospira in both domestic and wild animals, which may act as reservoirs of this agent. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira in animals that are in close contact with humans in different geographical areas in Vietnam. Sera were collected from 1205 individual animals of six species, including buffaloes, cattle, cats, dogs, swine, and rats. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against 25 serovars of Leptospira spp. has been employed to detect serovars of Leptospira among the studied population. Overall, 44.2% of buffaloes, 24.9% of cattle, 10.2% of swine, 32.9% of dogs, 12.2% of cats, and 16% of rats were seropositive. A total of 17 different serovars were detected, of which serovars Hebdomadis and Canicola circulated in all the studied animal species. Variability of the predominant serovars circulating in animal species and in different geographical areas of Vietnam has been noted. We conclude that this study showed a high prevalence of Leptospira circulating in animals that are in close contact with humans, raising an alert of the important sources of pathogenic leptospires transmission to humans in Vietnam. These findings prove an imperative need for effective measures for disease prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospira infection among human-close-contact animals in different geographical areas in Vietnam

et al. 2021

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“…The serovars Canicola and Pyrogenes were present in only two and three dogs (respectively), which was not expected because elsewhere, these are the most common serovars in dogs [13,70–73] and are suspected to be responsible for transmission between dogs and humans [13,38,43,72,74]. Additionally, several serovars found in the dogs of our study, such as Tarassovi and Australis, have been primarily associated with pigs, cows, and other small mammals [13,22,70–72,74–77]. The diversity of serovars found in our study may suggest exposure of dogs to pathogenic Leptospira from multiple sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Domestic dogs in indigenous Amazonian communities: key players inLeptospiracycling and transmission?

Guzmán,

Diaz,

Sáenz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Leptospirosis is the world's most common zoonotic disease. Mitigation and control rely on pathogen identification and understanding the roles of potential reservoirs in cycling and transmission. Underreporting and misdiagnosis obscure the magnitude of the problem and confound efforts to understand key epidemiological components. Difficulties in culturing hamper the use of serological diagnostics and delay the development of DNA detection methods. As a result, especially in complex ecosystems, we know very little about the importance of different mammalian host species in cycling and transmission to humans. Methodology/Principal Findings: We sampled five indigenous Kichwa communities living in the Yasuní National Park in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin. Blood and urine samples from domestic dogs were collected to assess the exposure of these animals to Leptospira, and to identify the circulating species. Microscopic Agglutination Tests with a panel of 22 different serovars showed anti-leptospira antibodies in 36 sampled dogs (75%), and 10 serotypes were detected. Two DNA-based detection assays revealed pathogenic Leptospira DNA in 18 of 19 dog urine samples (94.7%). Amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16s rDNA and SecY genes from 15 urine samples revealed genetic diversity within two of three different Leptospira species: noguchii (n=7), santarosai (n=7), and interrogans (n=1). Conclusions/Significance: The high prevalence of antibodies and Leptospira DNA provides strong evidence for high rates of past and current infections. Such high prevalence has not been previously reported for dogs. These dogs live in the peridomestic environment in close contact with humans, yet they are free-ranging animals that interact with wildlife. This complex web of interactions may explain the diverse types of pathogenic Leptospira observed in this study. Our results suggest that domestic dogs are likely to play an important role in the cycling and transmission of Leptospira. Future studies in areas with complex ecoepidemiology will enable better parsing of the significance of genotypic, environmental, and host characteristics.

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“…25 In humans this serovar is found throughout South-East Asia. 16 Serovar Cynopteri has been detected in healthy dogs in Brazil, [26][27][28] however, not in dogs with clinical leptospirosis. In MAT, cross-reactions between serovars Djasiman and Cynopteri have been described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of exposure of healthy dogs to Leptospira in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Griebsch,

Kirkwood,

Ward

et al. 2024

Aust Veterinary J

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In 2017, highly fatal canine leptospirosis emerged in Sydney, Australia. Based on results of microscopic agglutination testing (MAT), serovar Copenhageni appeared to be the most common causative serovar. Prior to this, no clinical cases had been reported since 1976. In a serosurvey of healthy dogs in Australian shelters in 2004, 2.4% of 431 New South Wales dogs had serological evidence of exposure to Copenhageni, the most prevalent serovar. The aim of this study was to estimate the current prevalence of Leptospira exposure and associated serovars in healthy Sydney dogs, previously unvaccinated against Leptospira. Serum samples from 411 healthy dogs in leptospirosis hotspots and neighbouring suburbs were collected before vaccination. MAT for 23 serovars was performed at the WHO Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory in Queensland, Australia. The overall seroprevalence was 4.1% (17/411) with low titres (1/50–1/200) detected. Eleven dogs were from known leptospirosis hotspots. Eight dogs were known to hunt rodents. One dog had been in contact with a leptospirosis positive dog 1 year prior. Serovar Topaz was the most prevalent serovar (n = 5) followed by serovars Australis (n = 4), Copenhageni (n = 4), Djasiman (n = 2), Cynopteri (n = 1), Javanica (n = 1), Medanensis (n = 1), and Pomona (n = 1). In conclusion, serological evidence of exposure of dogs in Sydney to Leptospira is low, but apparently has increased since 2004. Positive titres to serovars not previously reported to cause disease in dogs could be due to low virulence of those serovars or cross‐reactivity with other serovars.

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Frequency of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in dogs and wild small mammals from rural properties and conservation units in southern Brazil

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Leptospira infection among human-close-contact animals in different geographical areas in Vietnam

Leptospira infection among human-close-contact animals in different geographical areas in Vietnam

Domestic dogs in indigenous Amazonian communities: key players inLeptospiracycling and transmission?

Serological evidence of exposure of healthy dogs to Leptospira in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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