Frequency of Bacterial Organisms Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of Children under Five Years in Windhoek from 2010 to 2014

Abstract

Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a life-threatening condition which affects the central nervous system (CNS). Its incidence rate is estimated between 0.22 -2.66 and 0.81 -6.1 cases/1000 lives worldwide and in Africa respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial organisms isolated from CSF of children less than five years old in Windhoek. A retrospective analysis was performed on 784 results of CSF submitted to the Namibia Institute of Pathology (NIP) from January 2010 to August 2014. The results showed that out of the suspected meningitis cases, 18 (28.6%) were due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, making it the frequently isolated organism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus 7 (11.1%), Escherichia coli 5 (7.9%) and Haemophilus influenzae 4 (6.3%). Streptococcus pneumoniae showed high resistance to penicillin 17 (70.5%) & cotrimoxazole 16 (93.7%) and 100% susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (5), vancomycin (13) & ceftriaxone (8). Haemophilus influenzae showed moderate resistance to cotrimoxazole 3 (66%) & tetracycline 2 (50%). It showed 100% sensitivity to chloramphenicol (4), cefuroxime (2) & ceftriaxone (3). Neisseria meningitidis showed high resistance to cotrimoxazole by 100% (n = 2) and high sensitivity to chloramphenicol (n = 2), ceftriaxone & penicillin by 100% (n = 2). Streptococcus agalactiae was resistant to tetracycline and sensitive to penicillin & erythromycin by 100% (n = 1). Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated the most in this current study and it had high resistance to penicillin & cotrimoxazole. There was a significant difference between results CSF culture and * Corresponding author. PCR, Gram stain, CSF cell count, protein & glucose, as all comparisons yielded in P values less than 0.05, indicating a significant statistical association.

Identified Bacteria and Virus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of under Five Years Hospitalized Children for Clinical Meningitis at Panzi Hospital in the Eastern Part of DRC

“…Our results revealed that Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 14) followed by Haemophilus influenzae (n = 6) were the most prevalent bacteria detected in the CSF of ours under five years children hospitalized for meningitis, similar results has been reported in Namibia in 2013 [12], in Mozambique [13], in Kenya at Kenyatta Hospital where streptococcus pneumonia was about 51.2% [14]. A study done in Manhiça, a rural area in Southern Mozambique has reported Streptotoccus pneumoniae (n = 31) as the most prevalent bacteria in the CSF of children with meningitis followed by, Haemophilus influenzae (n = 13) and Open Journal of Pediatrics Neisseria meningitis (n = 8) [15].…”