Frequency of Citrus Fruit Intake Is Associated With the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study

Yamada, Takeshi; Hayasaka, Shinya; Shibata, Yosuke; Ojima, Toshiyuki; Saegusa, Tomohiro; Gotoh, Tadao; Ishikawa, Shizukiyo; Nakamura, Yosikazu; Kayaba, Kazunori

doi:10.2188/jea.je20100084

Cited by 109 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Some of these uncertainties could be answered in future pooling projects. Frequent intake of citrus fruit may reduce the incidence of CVD, especially cerebral infarction, in men and women Yamada et al,2011 CAD: coronary artery disease, CHD: coronary heart disease, IHD: ischemic heart disease, CVD: cardiovascular disease, FFQ: food frequency questionnaire The exposure of people who are initially assumed to be healthy are assessed and the group is followed over a period of time. During the follow-up period, some individuals will develop disease  Measurements are made at baseline before disease is diagnosed, but diet may change with time  Cohort studies are less subject to recall bias…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fruits and Vegetables and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk

Alissa

Ferns

2015

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

201

142

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Diet is likely to be an important determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In this article, we will review the evidence linking the consumption of fruit and vegetables and CVD risk.Efforts were initially focused on individual protective nutrients, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, and β-carotene, in an attempt to identify putative intervention strategies.However these have generally proven to be disappointing when tested in clinical trials.The evidence now suggests that a complicated set of several nutrients may interact with genetic factors to influence CVD risk. Therefore, it may be more important to focus on whole foods and dietary patterns rather than individual nutrients to successfully impact on CVD risk reduction.The initial evidence that fruit and vegetable consumption has a protective effect against CVD came from observational studies. However uncertainty remains about the magnitude of the benefit of fruit and vegetable intake on the occurrence of CVD and whether the optimal intake is five portions or greater. Results from randomized controlled trials do not show conclusively that fruit and vegetable intake protects against CVD, in part because the dietary interventions have been of limited intensity to enable optimal analysis of their putative effects.The protective mechanisms of fruit and vegetables may include some of the known bioactive nutrient effects dependent on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and electrolyte properties, but also include their functional properties, such as low glycemic load and energy density. Taken together, the totality of the evidence accumulated so far does appear to support the notion that increased intake of fruits and vegetables may reduce cardiovascular risk. It is clear that fruit and vegetables should be eaten as part of a balanced diet, as a source of vitamins, fiber, minerals and phytochemicals.A clearer understanding of the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and cardiovascular risk would provide health professionals with significant information in terms of public health and clinical practice.3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fruits and Vegetables and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk

Alissa

Ferns

2015

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

201

142

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“…taining bioactive polyphenols, including green tea, cocoa, and citrus fruits, are associated with dose-dependent improvement in metabolic and/or cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (7,15,28,31,32,40,46,65,90). In this review, we discuss the physiology of coordinated regulation of metabolic and cardiovascular actions of insulin, the pathophysiology of reciprocal relationships between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, and a rigorous comprehensive approach to understanding molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms of actions for food polyphenols as potential therapeutic agents that simultaneously target improvement in metabolic and cardiovascular phenotypes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms for food polyphenols to ameliorate insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: therapeutic implications for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications

Munir

Chandrasekaran

Gao

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Munir KM, Chandrasekaran S, Gao F, Quon MJ. Mechanisms for food polyphenols to ameliorate insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: therapeutic implications for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 305: E679 -E686, 2013. First published July 30, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00377.2013.-The rising epidemic of diabetes is a pressing issue in clinical medicine worldwide from both healthcare and economic perspectives. This is fueled by overwhelming increases in the incidence and prevalence of obesity. Obesity and diabetes are characterized by both insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction that lead to substantial increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Reciprocal relationships between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction tightly link metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes with their cardiovascular complications. Therefore, therapeutic approaches that target either insulin resistance or endothelial dysfunction alone are likely to simultaneously improve both metabolic and cardiovascular pathophysiology and disease outcomes. Moreover, combination therapies with agents targeting distinct mechanisms are likely to have additive or synergistic benefits. Conventional therapies for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications that are both safe and effective are insufficient to meet rising demand. Large, robust, epidemiologic studies demonstrate beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular health effects for many functional foods containing various polyphenols. However, precise molecular mechanisms of action for food polyphenols are largely unknown. Moreover, translation of these insights into effective clinical therapies has not been fully realized. Nevertheless, some functional foods are likely sources for safe and effective therapies and preventative strategies for metabolic diseases and their cardiovascular complications. In this review, we emphasize recent progress in elucidating molecular, cellular, and physiological actions of polyphenols from green tea (EGCG), cocoa (ECG), and citrus fruits (hesperedin) that are related to improving metabolic and cardiovascular pathophysiology. We also discuss a rigorous comprehensive approach to studying functional foods that is essential for developing novel, effective, and safe medications derived from functional foods that will complement existing conventional drugs. insulin resistance; endothelial dysfunction; functional foods; polyphenols OBESITY, PREDIABETES, METABOLIC SYNDROME, and diabetes are characterized by insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction and resultant cardiovascular complications (38,39,45).

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“…Members of the genus Citrus are among the most promising cardioprotective plants, and are rich in antioxidant vitamins, minerals and various bioactive phytonutrients (Mulero et al, 2012;Yamada et al, 2011). Citrus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several lines of evidence indicate the inverse association between the consumption of Citrus spp. and incidence of CVD (Mulero et al, 2012;Yamada et al, 2011). There are several mechanisms behind this cardioprotection, such as improving lipid profile by reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and boosting high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, reduction of inflammation, inhibition of pro-oxidant generation and LDL oxidation, and anti-ischemic, antithrombotic and vasorelaxant effects (Gaziano, 1999;Roza et al, 2007;Tribble, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypotensive activity of auraptene, a monoterpene coumarin fromCitrusspp.

Imenshahidi¹,

Eghbal²,

Sahebkar³

et al. 2013

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) are well-documented for their cardioprotective properties. Auraptene is a bioactive monoterpene coumarin ether abundantly present in the Citrus spp. Objective: To investigate the hypotensive activity of auraptene. Methods: Different groups of normotensive rats (n ¼ 5 in each group) were subjected to single intravenous injections of auraptene (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg), nifedipine (as positive control; 63, 125 and 250 mg/kg) or negative control [DMSO/normal saline (1:3)]. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated following each treatment. Results: A dose-dependent hypotensive effect was observed following auraptene injection, which was significant at 250 and 500 mg/kg (p50.001) but not 125 mg/kg (p40.05). With respect to the positive control, nifedipine reduced MABP at all tested doses, dose-dependently and significantly (p50.001). The MABP lowering effect of auraptene was found to be significantly lower than that of nifedipine (p50.001). Conclusion: In light of the present findings, auraptene has moderate hypotensive activity. Further investigations are recommended to explore the effects of higher doses as well as oral administration of this phytochemical.

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Frequency of Citrus Fruit Intake Is Associated With the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study

Cited by 109 publications

References 33 publications

Dietary Fruits and Vegetables and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk

Dietary Fruits and Vegetables and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk

Mechanisms for food polyphenols to ameliorate insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: therapeutic implications for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications

Hypotensive activity of auraptene, a monoterpene coumarin fromCitrusspp.

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