Frequency of Cognitive Impairment Among Malaysian Elderly Patients Following First Ischaemic Stroke—A Case Control Study

Astaxanthin and improvement of dementia: A systematic review of current clinical trials

“…Due to inevitable degenerative processes, older adults are prone to functional decline including dementia [ 1 ]. Dementia as a neurodegenerative disease encompasses Alzheimer, Lewy body dementia , frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and vascular dementia [ [2] , [3] , [4] ] in which cognitive decline could be manifested as early as 1 month prior to a stroke event [ 5 ] and the risks increase attributable to demographic status [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] ], vascular risks [ [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ], inflammation biomarker, lifestyle [ 3 , 16 , 17 ], radiographic lesion [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ], and comorbidities prior to the disease [ 22 ]. Deterioration of memory, orientation, language, attention, and executive function are among the most prevalent symptoms [ 5 , 23 ].…”

“…Dementia as a neurodegenerative disease encompasses Alzheimer, Lewy body dementia , frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and vascular dementia [ [2] , [3] , [4] ] in which cognitive decline could be manifested as early as 1 month prior to a stroke event [ 5 ] and the risks increase attributable to demographic status [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] ], vascular risks [ [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ], inflammation biomarker, lifestyle [ 3 , 16 , 17 ], radiographic lesion [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ], and comorbidities prior to the disease [ 22 ]. Deterioration of memory, orientation, language, attention, and executive function are among the most prevalent symptoms [ 5 , 23 ]. Although the exact mechanism is still indistinct, cognitive impairment and other neurodegenerative processes are postulated to be rooted in molecular homeostasis disturbances, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation process [ 24 ].…”